Data transmission.
Let's briefly look at how data is transferred from one node to another using the IP is data Graham IP
stating encapsulation.
So now I want to create another illustration live here for a better understanding, so let's compare.
Here.
Actually, it's OK.
There's an uncomfortable.
Yeah.
This is our first personal computers.
We have this switch here.
Uh, your name.
Which is.
And actually not Sue, it's and let's make it more realistic.
OK, let's put it here, uh, rather.
Consider this as a switch.
And let's hear another comforter, let's copy it.
OK.
Here.
And let's actually.
And it's another example that I'd love to hear.
It.
And this is our laptop.
So let's give an IP address and the Mac address to these machines here.
So for example, let's make it here.
This is, uh, let's make it.
One hundred ninety two point.
One hundred one hundred ninety two point one x sixty eight point, uh, for example, one point one
hundred here make it with a bolt here and let's make this here.
Um.
Well, not 100, because they are the same network.
We will make it, uh, 101.
Here, and let's give an address to it here of.
Mac address.
Mac here, my brother's will be, uh, one one zero zero two two.
A two, an example, b three and five, five, five five.
And this is the IP IP version four address.
Yes, it's in fact it's an IP version four address and it's assigned.
And so we will not assign this.
Um, my brother is yet and.
Let's add another here.
Right.
She voted for.
Get rid of her here and change these to, for example, 50.
Yes.
50 analysts gave a Mac address to it, just different Mac address here, because many countries are
unique.
But you can change Mac addresses, uh, not only your hardware, but software away.
So for example, six six seven seven eight eight a b, a b, um c d three three here, for example,
this is the Mac address, and this is the IPv4 address of our computers.
So, uh, what is real here?
So now we will create actually connections on it.
Yes.
Oops.
It's cocaine and drug here.
So, um, actually that's connected to is this and linked with this power?
Connect this computer to this and this to this.
So in this example, they're not here.
This is not here to IP address, one hundred ninety two point one hundred eighty six point one point
one hundred one wants to send data using the IP protocol to the node at this computer.
Um, which i with the IPO, there's four hundred ninety two point one hundred eighty six point one point
fifty.
So the switch device, these four words Ethernet frames between all nodes on the network.
So the Switch doesn't need an IP address because it operates only at the link there.
In this case.
Actually, this is not a switch or really switch is switch switch here.
So which is this?
It's not a router.
It's routers switch.
This is a switch.
So.
Here's what takes place to send data between the two knots, so the operating system network gets a
stack mode here, encapsulates the application and transports layers, data and pulls an IP packet with
the source address of 100 actually 100.
One hundred source address of 192.168.1.1 hundred to one.
And how did this nation address of one hundred twenty two point one hundred eighty six eight one hundred
sixty eight point one point fifty.
So the operation, then the operating system can at this point encapsulate the IP data as an eternal
frame.
So but it might not know the Mac address of the target to not so it can request a Mac address for a
particular IP address using the address resolution protocol e r p here.
Let's mention it here a r p is address resolution protocol here.
So, which sends a request to all nodes on the network to find Mac address, uh, all for the destination
IP address and then, uh, once not at uh, this receives are actually not these amounts.
Yes.
Once this computer receives a r p response, it can build the frame.
So there's a real sense.
And the source other is to the local Mac address of these eleven point and zero zero two to A to B three
and fifty.
So this is a this is to this source address.
So this will assign it to the destination address.
So six six seven seven eight eight a b, c d three three and then the frame is transmitted on the network
and is received by Switch.
So.
And finally, the switch forwards, the frame to this nation load, which unpacks the IP packet and
verifies that the destination IP address matches.
So then the IP pilot data is extracted and passes up the stack to be received by the waiting application.