Welcome to section 1, a quick introduction to Smart
cities. In this section. I'll be introducing the backgrounds,
the concepts and the kind of ongoing smart
CD Trends. These are important for everybody to
get a kind of equal start. Some of these Concepts you may
be aware of and some you may not be most important that we
all starts slowly together to put everything into
context.
So in this section very introductory, but
it's a problem is important to address the problems and in the many solutions,
facing the smart cities, but
it's important to kind of contextualize everything in
the history and the background. And one of the biggest trends,
of course, is to observe the fact that the world is urbanizing
at an exponential rate and the same time
plan is facing enormous, social, economic,
and environmental challenges. As we're
entering the fourth Industrial Revolution things.
Are becoming more interconnected and therefore, our cities are
becoming more vulnerable.
So what I'm going to be talking about is how the
world is becoming more populated and therefore more urbanized
and addressing some of the
challenges that our planet is facing at
the same time. And
we need to understand the definitions in terms of Concepts that make
our cities more smart or intelligent and lastly, seeing
is believing. So each of these sections will be describing
actual projects or cities
and then
This section will be talking about actual cities
that act as references to illustrate the
various types of smart cities and how they actually work.
One important context or Milestone is,
of course, looking at the world population growth looking
back. And last 10,000 years. It
is obviously spiked enormously as
of today, which is November 20, 21,
the world's population is seven point nine
billion people, but if you look back in
the graph, you'll see that thanks to the many advances in
the scientist Sciences in the technology, it
took to me.
Million years for a few Min. Prehistory history. The
world's population to reach 1 billion and only 200
years for it to grow to 7 billion. For
example, when I was born in the early 70s, it
was only half of the world's population today. So
as you can see, population growth is huge and cities
right now are absorbing most of those communities and
therefore cities need to be performing enormous
tasks, to keep a more livable and
a, more Equitable lifestyle.
Another kind of reality. Check is, of course, the way that
the or the world has been organized last 300 years,
for example. So what we're looking at here is the geospatial evolution
over the last 20 years. It's very crude, but
you start getting the idea that in the 19th century Empires
had its Heyday Empires were
organized around different states. Usually governed by monarchies
organizing. The
territories are on ethnic National cultural or
religious interests of
Not to forget the last century. There was some
big world wars, it completely,
reorganized the geography of the planet
into nation states, where there were
nice. Neatly design borders, that
then Define what kinds of
countries or nations, whether
they be democracies or other kinds of
political Concepts, you organize, and
the 21st century. However, it's the city's right now, the
kind of
Economic engines the locomotives and therefore
it's the city's right now that are driving
these population centers.
Also, looking back at the kind of transition from a
kind of world where most of
the people were living off the land as Farmers.
So what we're looking at here are four different graphs
explain the transition from a kind of
farming kind of industry to the
urban hubs that we know today. So
again, just looking back, just a couple hundred
years in the 1800s. You can see that the
majority of the
Was rural, meaning that people are mostly farmers and
due to the, let's say, the first Industrial Revolution.
We had more advancements in
Technologies, like trains, and factories, and so forth
and those those those infrastructures and
economic opportunities took place mostly
in cities. So by 1950, 150 years
later, most of the people were as
are at least a quarter of the people were living in
urban centers.
15, just five, five, six years ago, that
jumped over 50%. And there is
estimations are by 2030 anywhere
between two-thirds to three-quarters of the world, will
be living in cities. Again, another reminder of
the importance that the Seas play in Civilization.
To underscore the underscore this whole argument and
highlight the all urbanization processes today.
There are over 21 megacities in
megacities are defined as any
City with 10 million people or more. So
think like cities like New York City,
Mexico, City Paris, obviously
a great deal more around
the world. And that's a that's that's a
huge size of cities.
How to manage and operate.
So to look at that kind of in context just
120 years ago. There
were only twelve cities with 1 million
people and then by the 1950s again thanks to the
city. The first and second Industrial Revolution advances
in sciences and Industry. There were 83 cities
with 1 million people by 2010 just
10 years ago. That jumped to 500 cities
with 1 million people around the
world and in
Next few years. There will be 221 cities
with 1 million people in China
alone. So you can see this kind of exponential rate
of urbanization. And
again The more stress that these cities are put under to
make sure that the civilization is running.
So, let's move on to some of
the other Concepts, like the Industrial Revolution. What
I've talked about in the just the past few slices. Basically
this kind of urbanization Trend. It's undeniable.
It's huge. And there's more and more cities
that are absorbing more and more
people. We also need to look at some of the technologies that
are that are driving some of this ability
to scale to this level. So
for those of you familiar,
Multiple industrial revolutions. The first Industrial
Revolution, place around 17. E4 with
a lot of, kind of a radical new
technologies like Steam and a power weaving.
Looms. And that those were the kind of
the factories that we became used
to over 200. 300 years ago.
The next Industrial Revolution was
defined as mass production assembly line, electrical energy,
and that took place.
Base in the 1870s again. Just about 100 years later.
There was the invention of electricity
and things. Really started taking
started taking off at that point, with
all sorts of other Technologies, like
the telephone airplane and photography fast-forward
to 1969. And that a whole brand new
Revolution started, which is the revolution of
third Revolution, called the automation computers and electronics.
This is the, basically, the
First kind of digital age, beginning
of the digital age that introduced us to the internet
television, and, and many more
things fast forward to today. And the
all of those systems, all of those devices of those objects
are becoming more and more interconnected and becomes
a kind of cyber physical systems in The Internet
of Things Network, where they
also called the internet of everything and everything becomes.
Interconnected. And that's where we are today. And that's a good starting point
stopping point for this section. So
let's get specific. What the heck is a
smart City. There's a lot of different types of
Concepts and terms, describing smart
cities. I'm in this next section.
I'm going to be introducing you to some
of the most familiar, one, most
accepted ones and and
the kinds of
EPS behind them.
The 21st Century City for example, is going
to be made up by a number of different
kinds of components, and these are kind of familiar to everybody. So,
we need a smart City needs to really
think about energy and how we manage it.
And we monitor it, how we distribute, how we store, how?
We share energy. There's environmental monitoring.
If you just turn on
the news every day, you'll see some sort of national
disaster.
Because of manmade climate change. There's
also an infrastructural management. So, lots
of things from transportation to
power itself, to goods and services. There's
the people side of things, the medical and the health systems transportation
management. This year. We're exploring
experiencing lots of shortage
of supplies. Those
are all realities that we're all facing right now.
The home in building automation. So our buildings and
the way that things are be. Being built are becoming more automated and
more intelligent manufacturing and management. Likewise.
We have lots of new concepts
of how those goods get produced and
how they get done distributed and large-scale
developments. And so all of these kinds of things need
to be rethought and reimagined in
the in this new. And in a new smart City context,
I think the
My member in my personal experience, we can't be solving 21st
century problems with 20th century ideas. We
really need to think more robustly about
these Solutions as it relates to the 21st century
challenges as as described here in
the internet of everything.
Again, there's a lot of definitions for the smart city, but I think this
diagram definitely sums up the the
essence of boils down to the the most crucial elements. There's
a lot of there's a triple helix a double helix
and quadruple Helix, but in this example
definitely for me sums up
the best which is that the government's have to
manage a city and they do that with
lots of data. Lots of insights. You have to manage responsibly
ethic.
And there's lots of decisions. They have to make about which
Technologies and for which people. So
the people in this case are the citizens. And citizens,
have a voice because they have
to decide what kinds of City they want to live in. And
here in Europe. For example, it's
a very kind of bottom-up, kind of a ring like a
very bottom up kind of a solution where citizens
voice their opinions to the government's and the government's make policies based
on those opinions and the results of that are
the Technologies and the policies around those technologies that they're
going to be deploying for their own Mass cities.
Yeah, so diving a bit deeper again. This
is more of the triple helix concept between the
human or citizen the governance which
in this diagram is the planning management and
the infrastructure which is a lot a lot of times the
technologies that kind of connects everything together. So
from the planning and management, we're going to see things like the
government agencies and administration, smart buildings,
and urban planning, from the infrastructural sides. Of
course, we're talking.
Talking about the energy and water transportation,
etc. For example, if
I'm humans, I and these are the more social things
like health care and education.
In the next section 1.2., It's important to get
your head around. What? All of these smart City,
concepts mean all around the world. So I'm
going to show you five examples of what Smarties spot say is. Look like how
they are governed and what we can all learn from them. Like
I said, there's lots of flavors and colors to Smart cities. So it's good to
show you actual models as references to get a better understanding
and grip of what the solutions mean.