Welcome to the internet of things in this
section. For, I'll be introducing you to the context history,
Concepts, and security risks with iot devices and
all of their interconnectivity.
As we enter the dot of the fourth industrial revolution of supercomputing artificial
intelligence, Precision farming, smart,
manufacturing, and their net internet of everything presents.
Many new insights complexity and risks to our future
cities.
In this first example of iot, we're going to
see that the speed of change is happening at a record level and
will forever impact our cities and societies. So
let's have a look in the past to
see what awaits us in the future.
So it's always important to look back into time to see how we
got to the place. We are today in our contemporary Smart
City, in the last section. I quickly
cover the topic of the industrial revolutions. We're
back in the 1780s, the kinds of things that were being made,
where the steam-powered there were low cost. I
minerals that we could find naturally to
create the railroads and the factories that we know, today,
fast-forward to the 1870s and things
got really exciting with things started. Kind of
Thing by electricity that powered more assembly lines
and created things like the telephone. And
then we could basically start Mass producing more and more things
and and urbanization really took off at
this point. The third revolution, of course, is the
kind of beginning of the digital age has where we have microchips
Electronics, the internet and
augmented automated Productions, and
the beginnings of the mega cities since
the 60s, since the
The 2000s were kind of at the end of 20 years on of
course, but we're starting to see everyday in
our daily lives where we are in the fourth Industrial
Revolution, which is very much about the supercomputing. The
artificial intelligence. Smart
cities are becoming more and more intelligent. Thanks to these kinds
of things and that comes down to the internet of things. And
we're now at a stage where everything is starting to
become connected, leading
us to the internet of everything.
So here's another fun way of looking, at the same diagram will
be it a little bit differently, which is about the speed
and the velocity of change since the first Endeavor Industrial
Revolution. So in this diagram, which you see in
the y-axis, is that kind of key moments, which
is 50 million people. And what we see here
in the 1800's that it took 75 years
for the telephone to read that reach, that Milestone 50
million people fast forward to the
1900s television only.
I was able to succeed. The same goal in just 13 years, the
internet likewise. It's achieved the same goal
of 50 million people and just four years. And what's
crazy. Is that a game app that
we can find on our phones. Maybe you many of you know,
them Boogeyman go reach 50 million people in
just 19 days. So that really does illustrate how fast
things are developing at a rapid pace.
So connecting the physical to the digital world
is occurring much much faster. Many
thanks to the internet of things. But what
is iot in this section? We're going to be exploring all
of the different kinds of definitions of iot and
the challenge is that it creates for
cities, but also the
threats and risks, of course, at the same time.
So, what is iot? This is a very simple,
kind of crude diagram explaining, the differences definitions
of what iot is, and basically iot is
like I mentioned previously. It's the bridge that
connects the physical world with the digital world and what
that means is that, for example, you're going
to have lots of devices and I'll explain what some of these devices are in
the next in the next slide, but the devices themselves
are interconnected and they
have a microprocessor.
In types of things, embedded inside them. So
they have some degree of intelligence, what they kind of
do is their sensors, or they collect data and
they can annotate that data tag it
and store it. The other things that iot does is
communication. So types of connectivity is
important. Also where the the
data is collected and stored at could be hyper locally
or it could be in the cloud. The other things that iot does
is conserve provide some insights.
Like data analytics. And with some intelligence
built-in, of course, like artificial intelligence cognitive
analysis on the edge start,
giving much more insight makes makes
things much more smart in your homes and
businesses, the data value. So the analyst
analysis that is created, is
then processed at create kinds of actionable
insights. So real-time kinds of triggers that
alert people to do certain things.
In times. And what that does is create a kind of human
values so that we can start building better
and more optimal. Efficient types of applications that
benefit to greater amount of people.
Another way to ask about what is iot is
to. Also ask where's iot and simply iot to
today in 2021 is, it's all around us.
So there's a lot of devices that
you've seen like Amazon and and
so forth, the echo that
people are buying and that's part of the smart home.
So they're iot neighbor enabled home. Appliances that
kind of interconnect with you the
user and the
The internet itself and can provide some answers
or Supply some music and
certain kinds of fun things. Of course, iot is
also defined maybe as a wearable
so you could find it on your wrist and
it's a kind of device that can measure your
oxygen levels, your blood pressure and attacked
detect, any anonomys and
over time. Maybe even have a nice snapshot of
how healthy you are.
In terms of your biometric data, so super, super
useful, and start Smart City context. Cities
are deploying iot devices to collect real-time data, to remotely monitor,
improve efficiency and quality of life. So
this could be air, quality water, quality sound
pollution, any kind of
device that can measure one thing and measure it.
Well, smart grid is another example where
the iot is are embedded on the electrical grids
that monitor the supply.
Red and the types of Demands supplies or
demands that need to balance the energy needs. It's
also can be found in Supply chains. So these
could be beacons or other types of sensors built into the
cargo that's being shipped around. So, we can actually
have much more granular high-fidelity location,
tracking system of our Goods,
connected car. Of course, we talked about this last and
last section of smart
Mobility or feature Mobility.
And these kinds of cars can be understood as
a big iot device that could do lots
of things that are biodynamic and bio directional. They
make decisions by themselves and in the future, perhaps
even chauffeuring Us in and around the cities anonymously
autonomously. Smart farming
is a kind of a weird topic, but you'd
be surprised to know how many
farmers at least here in the Netherlands are building more
intelligence into there.
Agricultural Farms, with
a B, for the produce, or for the animals themselves.
LT devices are providing key insights
to these Farmers, which we were now businessman.
The other kind of question we could ask is how big is iot.
And in this diagram, you going to see the
kind of segments, the market break up. The largest of
course of iot devices, being
sold to Consumers, probably mostly for our homes and
businesses 14% is the next largest which
is automotive and aerospace. Companies.
Healthcare is, of course, a big one where
people can report remotely to
their home. Physicians and doctors.
Smart devices are it's kind of a general
term, but a lot of buildings, especially right now
and properties are deploying more and more of these iot
devices. The
other Market size, is the logistics and supplies changed.
As I mentioned. The Freights a to be iot
is helping nav, helping them navigate, but also track. There's
a lot of industrial usage in service usages
that make up the kind of share of
the market size.
I owe two solutions are flooding the marketplace and we
need to ask. Why do we need any of these Solutions? So
let's take a moment and explore. How
does iot work? As
I mentioned in one of the earlier, slides. The basic architecture iot
is quite simple. Usually, these devices are
super low energy and have a
rule. Sometimes. I'm pretty wide range of connectivity. Sometimes
that connectivity is done before.
But most the time it's a kind of wireless network
that it uses to connect. So
the device itself is just there
to collect data. And sometimes there's a
microprocessor inside the device that the process of the
data and then transmit the data of an antenna, where
by then it's collected and transferred and
abnormal router, or Gateway or Hub, which
is pushing towards a kind of
mobile or web app, where it can do the
in in analysis.
So there are all sorts of colors and flavors of
how iot devices connect
with one another. There is no way that I can go into
each one of these types of network types,
but it is is important
to kind of cover them very very quickly just to show you the kind of diversity
of different ways that these devices can
speak, not only to one another. But, of
course, the the routers and the hub's where
people can do the analysis, so,
Five, of course, is the one of the most famous ones micro
meshes. So these little tailor controllers are talking to
each other and bi TI o t. These
are more industry. Standards protocols
that allow different devices to connect
with another wait lists, not
so familiar with that one. But the Bluetooth off quiz
is the next famous one next to Wi-Fi. All of our smartphones can
connect to a device, another type of
device iot
Why certainly using Bluetooth? Good old-fashioned cellular
within its 2G 3G 4G.
And now 5G, there's lots of
different beacons and in Chrome pucks. There's
lots of other kinds of ways that these
devices can communicate with one another
So in this diagram, what we're seeing here is the differences
between the bandwidth in the range. So
some of these again the the the the
more bandwidth and more power it consumes. So what's
been interesting as an evolution is that the
one that has the narrowest arranged and
the smallest bandwidth that just basically simple
10? Functional data, collectors, detect one
thing and one thing only it is Bluetooth is zigbee. Z-Wave.
These are
Devices to not use much power and
can go, you know, months weeks,
sometimes a years without any maintenance. And
then on the other side of the things they have range, which requires lots of powers
of sometimes, these won't be, these will have
to be connected to 230 or
120 volts and they push much,
much more data. Much further lower
is a very, very popular one with iot
devices. So that the
Acronym for long range and low power. And
on the top of the said, in terms of
bandwidth right now. Five, Jesus coming onto the market for
the, some of the western company countries for sure. And
that is again, a game changer, in terms of the bandwidth and the
and the type of range, which is already Superior
to some of the older Network types.
So, it's always good to kind of give some illustrations about
what iot devices are and
how they're used in the, a smart city. So, in this
diagram, you see, lots of kind of familiar images
like this, part Street, Lighting in the
future of the street lights, will become moldy multifunctional. So
they're not just turning lights on and off but they become pieces
of furniture to host, lots of different things,
like air quality as sound levels, so
sound pollution, Etc, show.
Monitoring again, is an iot device. Sometimes
they're connected to power. Sometimes they're portable
but they are constantly communicating
things that sort of
that are happening on the Street counting. So me
personally there's a lot of Technologies. I'm developing that's using
Ai and some of those the processing
can happen on a microprocessor inside the
device. And this these are really
handy for detecting objects, like pedestrians and
cars.
Cars environmental. Monitoring of
this goes back to the smart farming, soils can be
measured in terms of are in terms of quality and pH
levels, smart parking again. Maybe it's box
or beacons, or object
detection systems can alert customers when
or residents when
sparking parking spaces are available Asset Management
again, lots and lots of little little tiny devices
are deployed and can help.
The managers and utility groups
detect anomaly, anomaly, when something
needs to be fixed or brought
to their attention digital, signage water metering
and monitoring again. These are all small iot devices,
but also in the trash cans, you can also have a little radar
that can detect how full the waste bins
are underground or above ground.
So many of you looking at that illustration think
that's, you know, way too much. Why do we need all
of those Technologies and are polluting our
Urban environments? There's
some clear benefits to the iot infrastructure
and that
I think when you look at a simple diagram like
this, you get more kind of inspired about what role iot plays
to create a more intelligent City
smarter, future city and all of
These kinds of services create new value,
they can improve efficiency so that
you don't have to manually. Do things with
your eyes or with your feet. You
can increase the service quality. There's local, there's lots of
much more control on the local level and providing lots
of more actionable insights to make decisions about policy or
design, your lowering cost. Because
again, these sensors are telling you what's going
on. You don't need to be doing this repetitively or
Manually, and you can start
collecting lots and lots of valuable
data and looking at that data, either in real
time or as insights, were historic data to start
analyzing in terms of prediction modeling or
another types of analysis. And when
you have an iot infrastructure, people can
also get involved with that. So they be card, they become
a part of the intelligence gathering
so that you move transition from the
The more emotional discussions about what's happening is the more fact-based reality-based
data-based types
of arguments.
So again, seeing is believing. Let's look at some examples
of some iot solutions.