Hello, folks, when we are talking about security or even securing the environment around our computers,
we need to understand what are the security threats so you will be able to secure your environment or
your Linux computers or hardware properly so those threats won't get into your computers or won't disrupt
your operations.
So in this slide, what I'm going to do is I'm going to list all those security threats and then the
following slides will have the details on each of those threats.
So let's look at them real quickly.
The first one is distributed denial of service, which is de dos attack.
By the way, I do want to mention one more thing at the these a list that I'm going to cover is actually
the list.
I got it from the website, from the Canadian website, the Canadian government website.
They have that listed and their website.
They did a great job listing all the security threats.
Also some of them I should I do want to give credit to some of the American websites where I got some
of the more information to understand the security threats out there.
All right.
Moving on.
And then we have a hacking malware forming phishing, ransomware, spam.
We all heard of spam spoofing spyware, Trojan horses, wi fi, eavesdropping, viruses, warms and
so on.
Anyway, there's so many of them.
I might have missed a couple of them, or probably there are more than Karpovich, I don't know.
But again, so far that I could understand, these are the real threats that could infect your computers
and you need to be aware of these.
Now, let's get into detail of each of them.
The first one we have is distributed denial of service, which is DOS attack.
When a hacker puts a network of zombie computers, other people, computers to attack or destroy a specific
website or server that increases the volume of traffic, overloads the Web site or server causing it
to be slow or server shuts down completely.
So basically the hacker, of course, wouldn't have so many computers to attack.
So what they what the hacker would do as a first step is to control or get into other people's computers.
Then it creates the network of those computers and then attacks to a Web site.
So let's say if a hacker wants to bring a Web site down any Web site that is popular, so they want
to bring the website down.
So what it does, it controls other people's computer and takes their control and send it traffic to
those Web sites.
There are Web sites that do not hold so much traffic, incoming traffic.
So what it happens is it overloads and it crashes.
So next one we have is hacking.
It's in simple words when someone gains unauthorized access to your computer.
So if someone is coming into your computer with a username or password that matches with what you have,
it is which is like, you know, making a duplicate copies of your keys.
So that simply is hacking then.
And moving on, we have malware, malicious software that infects your computer, such as computer viruses,
swarms, Trojan horses, spyware and adware.
All of those are actually called malware.
Now, once you have the malware on your computer, what other consequences intimidate you with a scare
away, which usually is like a pop up message that tells you your computer has a security problem or
other false information it gives you and tells you, hey, your computer excuse me, your computer has
this virus that you need to install.
The software paid this much money to get that virus out and you get scared and you actually buy that
software.
So this way you could clean up your computer for any viruses.
So another one is that it could reformat your hard drive of your computer and of course, causing you
to lose all the information it could alter or delete your files, steal sensitive information.
If you have saved on your computer, send e-mails on your behalf.
If you are in the corporate world, that's really bad.
You could send your e-mails on your behalf.
And of course, it could tarnish your reputation, take control of your computer and all the software
running on it.
So that's about malware.
Now, moving on, we have forming forming.
It points you to a malicious and legitimate website by redirecting the legitimate you URL, even if
you are is and to correctly it.
And still be redirected to a fake Web site.
So let's suppose if you go to Facebook dotcom, you actually typed in the right host name or write your
own, but it's actually taking you to another Web site.
So is that something Facebook listed as another Web site?
No, it's just something that they they they will show you that, hey, I'll take you to another one.
So just be careful.
And what are the consequences?
It will convince you that the site is real and legitimate because they make it the exact same site.
And as you know, it's very easy to to copy the code of a website and pasted in in any other illegal
websites.
So anyway, as I was saying, convince you that the site is real and legitimate by spoofing or looking
almost identical to the actual site, down to the smallest detail, you may enter your personal information
and unknowingly give it to someone with malicious intent.
All right.
Next one, we have phishing.
Fake e-mails, text messages and websites created to look like they are from authentic companies, they
are sent by criminals to steal personal and financial information from you.
So please be very careful whenever you receive an e-mail in your inbox.
The best thing to do is click on that email and check whether it is coming from the legitimate domain.
So if you are getting let's say suppose if you getting an email that says, hey, this is your PayPal
account, your account, you need to change the password or your account being hacked to change the
password right away before you actually start jumping into it.
Please click on that email the one the senders email and look at it after at PayPal dot com, it should
say that.
Are any of the financial company or any of the any other Web site.
So be very careful with that.
The consequences of it is it will trick you into giving them information by asking you to update, validate
or confirm your account.
It is often presented in a manner then it seems official and intimidated to encourage you to take action.
Also provide cyber criminal with his username and password, which of course you don't want it so that
they can access your accounts, your online bank account, shopping account, etc., and steal your
credit card numbers.
So just be careful.
Many times you do have the same username, same password for many Web sites because we are humans,
we don't want to remember every single password or every single user name.
So once that username and password is provided to that fake website.
Or that report, you reply back to that email and your information is compromised ransomware, this
is also one of the funny one.
It's it's just like as long as you have any kind of a.
When someone is trapped and someone trying to ask you for money similar to that, so ransomware is a
type of malware that restrict access to your computer.
Or your files and displays a message that demands payment in order for their citizens to be removed.
There are two most common means of infection appear to be phishing emails that contains malicious and
attachments and website pop up advertisements.
All right, what are the consequences of ransomware?
There are two common types of ransom where's lock screen ransomware?
So it will display an image that prevents you from accessing your computer.
Your computer will completely be frozen, encryption, ransomware, encrypted files and uses some hard
drive.
And sometimes in shared network drives like USB drive, external hard drives and even some cloud storage
drive preventing you from opening them.
So I hope you were not being ever infected by ransomware, but if you have ever had in the past, you
probably notice that they will actually display a pop, a message on your screen, a lock up your entire
computer.
So that's basically they're asking you, hey, we're not going to let it go unless you pay and how are
you going to pay?
They're probably going to give you some email or some another.
You are a website to go there and pay them.
All right, spam spam is one of the more common matters of both sending information out and collecting
it from unsuspecting people.
Consequences are annoy you with unwanted junk mail.
We all get the junk e-mails, create a burden of communication service providers and businesses to filter
electronic messages, fish for your information by tricking you into following links or entering details
with offers and promotions.
So you probably going to get some type of spam e-mail that says, hey, you won 10000 dollar click right
away to claim your reward.
Just be careful.
You don't want to go that route.
Just remember, there is no free lunch, so just be careful when you click on any of those.
It provides a vehicle of malware, scan fraud, threats to your privacy.
All right.
Next one we have spoofing, spoofing it.
This is a technique of is often used in conjunction with phishing in attempt to steal your information,
a website or email address that is created to look like it comes from a legitimate source.
An email address may even include your own name or the name of someone you know, making it difficult
to discern whether or not the sender Israel.
So how do they know that this is the person?
You know, probably they already got to your attachment, so your contacts and they will know, hey,
this guy has this contact list and these are the people this person knows.
So let's create those emails.
But maybe, you know someone let's say John Smith at Gmail dot com, but they would create an email
that says John Smith at Yahoo!
Dot com and they send it to you and you look at.
You look at that email and say, hey, I got that from that e-mail from John, I John, so just be careful
on that, too.
No consequences.
Ben Spam, using your email address or a variation of your email addresses to your contact list, recreate
websites that closely resemble the authentic site.
This could be a financial institutions or other sites that require logging or other personal information.
All right.
Next one, we have spyware software that collects personal information about you without you knowing.
They often come in the form of a free downloaded and are installed automatically with or without your
consent.
These are difficult to remove and can infect your computer with viruses.
And the consequences are collect information about you without you knowing about it and give it to the
third party or someone else.
Send your username, password, surfing habits, list of applications.
You have downloaded settings and even the versions of your operating system to a third party changed
the way your computer runs without your knowledge.
Take you to unwanted side or an unknown date or inundate you with uncontrollable pop up ads.
All right, then we have Trojan horses, a Trojan horse may not be a term you're very familiar with.
Of course, I wasn't familiar with either until I did my research on security threats.
OK, so but there is a good chance that you or someone you know have been or has been affected by one,
a malicious program that is disguised as are embedded within legitimate software.
It is an executable file that will install itself and run automatically once it's downloaded.
So I think I I remember one time I actually downloaded our software, which it was the actual real software,
and there was one software which was added to it.
And it actually has that option to uncheck, to install ah ah ah.
Keep it checked.
But sometimes when we are very lazy to uncheck, we don't even read it and mean you just keep on going.
Click, click, click, click.
So just be careful when you're installing anything on your computer.
Don't just go.
Don't, don't be like me.
I was, I was affected by that one time so read everything when you're going through the installation.
So the consequences is it could delete your files, use your computer to hack other computers, watch
you through your webcam, log your keystrokes, such as credit card number you entered in an online
purchase records, username, password and other personal information.
All right, then, we have viruses, most people have heard of computer viruses.
Yes, of course I have, as I said in my first light, but not many know exactly what they are or they
or what they could do.
Malicious computer programs that are often sent as an e-mail attachment or a download with the intent
of infecting your computer, as well as computers of everyone in your contact list.
Just visiting a site can start an automatic download of a virus.
Yes.
And many times those type of viruses are also show up as a papa papa windows as well.
So careful when you go to our website, just I would say what you could do is the best way to avoid
this is that you go to a search engine that allows you to view that website before you could actually
open it.
So go to a search engine, let's say Google or Yahoo!
And type in that website there.
Then instead of clicking on it, just hover your mouse over that link.
And some of the search search engines allow you to take a look without even entering the Web site.
All right, consequences.
It sent spam, provides criminal criminals with access to your computer and contact list, scan and
find personal information like password on your computer, hijack your web browser, disable your security
settings and display unwanted ads.
All right.
Then we have Wi-Fi eavesdropping, Wi-Fi.
Eavesdropping is another method used by cyber criminals to capture personal information, virtual listening
in or information that's shared or an unsecure, not encrypted Wi-Fi network.
Meaning if you are on a public Wi-Fi, maybe it's not secured.
And whatever that you do on your computer or what ever the information that or whatever website you're
going to, um, there are people who actually have those Wi-Fi eavesdropping.
So just be careful.
I always recommend people not to do any type of financial transactions while you are using a public
Wi-Fi consequences, potentially access your computer with the right equipment, steal your personal
information, including logs and passwords.
All right, let's talk about worms.
Worms are a common threat to computers and the Internet as a whole.
A worm, unlike a virus, goes to work on its own without attaching itself to files or programs.
It lives in your computer.
Memory doesn't damage or alter the hard drive and propagates by sending itself to other computers in
the network, whether within a company or the Internet itself, consequences spread to everyone in your
contact list causes a tremendous amount of damage by shutting down parts of the Internet, reckoning
havoc on an internal network and costing companies enormous amount of lost revenue.
All right, so that completes our types of security threats.
I know I've covered a lot.
If you need to review any one of them or I have, I might not have done a great job in any one of them.
I would highly recommend you to please go online, search that specific thread and try to understand
what those threats are and how or what are the steps that you could take to avoid them.
Good luck.