Filesystem structure and his description, we have a file system and each in Lennix that is divided
into different directories and that's something that we have seen previously as well.
So now I am going to take some time in this lecture to go over each file system, partition or the folder
or a directory that is set up in Linux.
And I will explain you every directory, Linux file system and what is it used for?
So I have listed down all the directories and I will go over them one way, one by one, based on how
important they are.
So the first one and the most important one that we have in the list is slash boot.
Slash boot is the file or the directory that contains files used for bootloader or the file that is
in there is a cropped up CFT or configuration file.
What happened is every time your system puts up the first thing, the operating system that needs to
boot up the system looks for slash boot and that is somehow hardcoded in the disk that you start up,
go into slash boot and you will find what you what operating system you need to store by this old operating
system or a new one or upgraded version.
So it goes into this file and it looks into it.
By the way, I will go over each one of the directory in my Linux system and I'll show you exactly what
inside of each directorate.
Second one we have slash root.
It is the root user home directory.
Please remember, it is not the same as slash a lot of time people confused slash, which is also known
as a root, but it is not actually slash root.
So root.
When you log into a system, a Linux system as root and you do do, you will see you will be in a slash
root, not just slash.
Then we have slash dev directory.
This is a systems device such as a disc, a CD-ROM speakers, flash drive keyboard.
Any of those peripheral devices that are attached to your Linux system, they are created as a file
as well, and they will show up in a slash dev directory.
Going and moving forward is the next one is slash at sea.
It is also one of the most important directory in Linux file system.
It has all the configuration file.
If you are running Sendmail Neff's A.P. or any kind of application that actually runs on top of your
Linux system or that comes with Linux system, all those configuration files are located in slash ETSI.
If I wanted to modify something on, let's say DNS, I will go into slash ATSE name dotcom file.
If I want to modify something in the sendmail, I will go into etsi mail and send mail Sieff or that
type of configuration file.
So disremember that any time you are making change in slash at sea to any file inside of this directory,
please make sure you make a backup first of that file before you modify the configuration file.
Then we have been slash been in the newer version has been changed to slash user slash burn.
It is like a linked to slash user slash burn and it is actually the directory where we have the commands
that are used by everyday user commands like LSP, these type of commands, all of them are in a slash
user slash burn directory.
Then we have another directory called Slash Espin, which is pointing a linked to slash user slash burn.
This is a system slash file system commands.
Those are the type of commands that you really need for system type of purposes.
If you want to extend your file system or configure your file system, that will take a look again in
our when I bring up my Linux machine slash opt slash opt is used for optional add on application.
It is not the application for operating system apps like A.P. DNS.
Those are the application that is actually come with that with the operating system.
This flash opt is not used for those type of application that is used for third party application.
Lets say if you are installing, let's say, Oracle or some other kind of application or ISP, those
are applications usually and most of the time are installed in slash or slash proc.
R is the directory that is used and create files for all the running processes, please remember when
you shut down your Linux operating system, there will be nothing in slash proc.
It will be empty.
So the kernel, which I will explain to later on what kernel is, but there is a program Kernel Linux
that actually creates all these files for all the running programs in that directory.
One system shuts down, all those files go away.
Hleb, which is now pointing to usr lib it.
It's, it's a it's a location where all the C programming library files and those files are needed for
commands and applications.
Meaning if you are running a command, let's say PWI or else all those commands actually do have libraries
attached to it that they could go and look for.
And that's how these programs are run because they are written in C and C++, if you wanted to know
which which command is used and and so which library file is used for which command you could use this
command stress minus e r open like this is the command that next one we have slash temp directory,
the directory that is used for temporary files.
It has no significance whatsoever.
But you could just if you wanted to create a file, a temporary file that you'd think you were deleted
later you could create that slash temp directory.
Slash home directory is used for regular users.
If I creating a regular account on analytics file system that say I absol my home directory will be
created in slash home.
The next one we have is slash oir slash water is use for system logs.
Every time your your operating system writes some output or some logs, all those logs or its application
logs will always go into slash water.
So if you are troubleshooting issues, you can always go into slash water log and and other directories
where you can find information about a specific application or if something going wrong with it.
Then we have slash run.
This is where the system Zeeman starts up on very early stages, for example, System D and you have
to store a temporary runtime files like PED's Process Yds Files.
And again, this will go away if the system is shut down is just to store those process data and keep
track of it.
Flash Mount is used to mount external file system.
If there is nothing, if nothing is mounted on your existing file system, then you could use that slash
mount to create another subdirectory and mount an external Nafez file system to it.
Slash media is used for CD-ROMs.
If your system has a CD-ROM drive and you put it aside from inside of it, then you close the tree.
That CD-ROM will be mounted under slash media.
If you are using a virtual machine, you map the virtual drive to your workshop machine.
At that virtual ISO image will be shown under slash media CD-ROM.
So that's the list of all the directories that we have, that support system structure and his description.
And now I'm quickly going to go into my Linux system and I'll show you exactly each one of them and
how it is set up.
So I am logged in as, um, who am I?
I'll do route and I'll cut into Slash and I will do X minus L tr or else myself.
And you see all these directories that I have just covered.
So first one I have is Bhoot.
And if you notice in the but there is these two directories, Grub and Grupp two if I go into grub or
grub, two, let's go to grub two and who else might l tr you'll see there is grub configuration file.
This is the file that's telling the system which operating system to start or which version of operating
systems to start.
Let's go to slash root.
This is the root home directory.
If I just had code and error and this is the root home directory, there's nothing much in there, it's
just its own desktop document.
Probably it has.
All of them are empty.
Nothing is in there.
Then I will go to slash at C.
This is the directory which has all the configuration for most of the files that you're going to see
in the in this directory or the subdirectories.
All of them would have dot com.
So that means it has configuration files going to slash, which is planning to use a bin.
It has all the commands that we use everyday command to actually talk to the operating system.
Same thing with S.
Ben, this one has all the ones that deals primarily with your filesystem desks and extending the filesystems,
then we have opt, you do this minus orl and you will see this is the one that is used for third party
application right now.
It only had like R.H. which Séguret had nothing else.
Then we have Prak is the one that runs all the running programs temporarily.
It is not the actual file that will stay on the desk.
We have next one.
Library and library has all the library files that are needed to run a simple command.
Next one, we have slash temp and slash temp.
You see, all these are temporary files.
You delete them, you create new files.
It doesn't really matter.
It's just a scratch space that you could put your files on.
Then you have flash home.
Slash home is for the uses.
Like I have my user here.
I have another user called Seinfeld.
This is the home directory.
Um, then the next one is slash.
Wah Wah Wah is used for all the logs that are created, um, in your system.
So if you primarily the mail log is slash wah slash log and this is where all the logs are created.
If something goes wrong with the system, this is where you have to come in.
By the way, every one of these that I'm going through, I will go through again later on and you will
get more and more familiar with these, uh, file systems and its directories and all the commands that
I'm running on.
Then the next one we have slash run.
This is the one ad that runs the system demons very early in the stages and is a temporary files.
The next one we have amante this has probably nothing because I do not have any external file system
mounted on my desk, on my desk computer.
So if I mounted I would use a command mount to file it and usually it gets mounted in slash mounted
because you have to specify and that's where it goes.
The last one is we have slash media.
Is this where if you had a CD Mount CD rom attached to your system, this is where it will go anyway.
This is what I wanted to cover in the file system structure and description.
I really hope that this lecture covers everything in terms of the file system and structure.
All right, thank you.