Welcome back.
Let's talk about our first data type.
And you know what?
Let's do two at the same time.
We have int and floats.
INT stands for integer, as you can see here.
And float stands for a floating point number.
Hmm.
Let's explore that.
First, let's start off with integer.
An integer is, well, a number.
Three or four or five.
These are all integers.
In a programming language, you can use integers to do mathematical operations, for example, two plus
four.
If I run this well, nothing gets printed because again, we have to perform some action on these data
types.
And one action that we've learned so far is this idea of printing.
And we print something by calling the print keyword with the brackets.
So the brackets is almost like saying, hey, perform this action on these data types.
And if we run this.
We get six right here.
Awesome.
So not only are we using print, but we're also using the plus sign to perform an action to add the
two data types together.
And as you can imagine, we can do most mathematical operations.
The basic ones we can do negative, we can do, let's say, two times four.
And then we can also do two divided by four.
And if I click run here.
All right.
It looks like everything is working.
We've added, we've subtracted, we've multiplied.
And then we've also divided.
Now, here's the interesting part.
Up until now, we've used what we call integers.
That is, these are whole numbers.
There's no decimal places.
They're just, well, integers.
And a neat trick that I can do here is I can actually say.
Hey, what's the type of two plus four?
If I click run here.
All right, let's let's decipher what just happened.
I've taught you another action that we can perform, which is something called type, which tells us,
Hey, what data type is this?
And just like in math, we go bracket by bracket.
So the first part, Python says, hey, what's two plus four?
Well, that's going to be six.
And it's going to say, hey, what's the type of sex?
Well, the type of six that's an integer.
So it's going to say class.
And we don't have to worry about the class keyword for now.
That's something that we'll talk about later.
But we see here that we're using int for integer and then finally after this gets evaluated by Python,
we print out whatever this does, which is class int.
Now check this out.
Let's do the same for all these ones as well.
So we're going to say type here.
Type.
Here.
And then type.
Here.
And if this syntax is intimidating, don't worry.
This is something that you get used to.
If this is your first programming language, it is not going to be easy because, well, if it was easy,
then everybody would be doing it.
So hang in there.
Trust me, as you practice more, this is going to start making more and more sense.
Now, before I click Run, what do you think of the output of each one of these lines are?
Ready.
Give it a guess and let's click Run.
All right, we got it.
For six.
We have negative two here, which is also an integer.
We have eight here, which again is also an integer.
But then we have float.
Because two divided by four is 0.5.
Hmm.
What is that?
Well, remember, we are talking about two data types here.
We're talking about int and float.
And float is what we call a floating point number.
A floating point number is simply a number with a decimal point.
In our case, this is 0.5.
So it's a floating point number.
So if we write a number, let's say we'll do print type and then I'll say 0.00001.
What do you think we'll get?
Well, we would get a float.
If I do 5.0001 again, we'll get a float.
What about the number zero?
If I click Run.
I get an ENT because well, there's no decimal points.
Why do we need to make this distinction in programming and specifically in Python?
Well, it's because a float takes up actually a lot more space in memory than an integer.
Right.
Because remember this number, the number six, this needs to get stored in memory on our machine.
And remember that machines don't really understand this.
They understand zeros and one.
And they store this number in something called a binary or binary numbers, which is zeros and ones.
Now, the problem is when you have a decimal places like zero point or let's do 10.56, it's hard to
represent that in a binary number, zeros and ones, because of this point.
So a floating point number essentially stores these numbers in two different location, one for the
ten and one for 56.
Now.
We don't need to get technical here, but that's the idea.
The idea is that we need more memory to store a number like this than a number like this.
Now the topic of floating point numbers is really, really interesting and I'll link to a resource.
But the best way to learn more about floating points.
Again, it's not super important that you know the technical details, but if you go to floating point
number Python.
Again, you want to make sure that you go to the documentation for version three.
And you can actually learn about floating point arithmetic and these official documentation by Python
are always a good tool for you to use whenever you get confused about something or you want to get a
little bit more extra detail.
But let's get back to the topic at hand.
Both int and float are used for well numbers.
Right.
And Python is going to automatically format the type to whatever.
Well make sense.
For example if in here.
I do.
20 plus 1.1.
One is a integer.
The other one is a floating point number.
But when I click Run here.
Automatically Python is going to convert it to float.
Let's remove these here so that we don't get confused by them.
So if I run this, we see that this whole expression is converted into, well, a float.
Now, if I do, let's say 9.9 here.
Which will equal to 11 and I click run.
These two floats add up to while still a floating point number because if I remove the type from here
and I click run.
It gives me the result.
11.0.
It keeps the floating point numbers.
All right.
But at the end of the day, what we care about is that that Python works the way we expect it to.
That is, we can do mathematical operations.
As a matter of fact, we can do a few other things as well.
There's also this idea of the double multiply.
So this means to the power of so two to the power of two.
Well, that's going to equal four.
To do.
The power of three is going to equal eight.
We also have the double divide.
That is, we can do two divided by four.
But then we used to slashes here.
If I click run here.
I get zero.
This actually returns an integer.
Round it down.
If I do.
Three divided by four.
I get zero, but if I do five divided by four.
I get one?
This gets rounded down to a integer.
Finally, the last operator that we're going to learn about is called modulo.
And it looks something like this.
If I do five modulo, which is the percent sine.
Divided by four or modulo four.
If I run this.
I get one?
Modulo is used to represent what's the remainder of this division.
So if I divide five by four, the remainder of this division will be one.
If I do six divided by four with modulo and I run, I get two.
Two is the remainder.
Oh four.
All right.
Let's take a break and learn a little bit more about these numbers in the next video.
Bye bye.