Hello, everyone.
And welcome to this lesson.
In this lesson, we are going to understand a very important concept
about Network repositories
in Kali Linux. Now, what
are repositories?
So it's basically a place from where you can
fetch download and install all the
tools or softwares that you want in
your Linux machine.
Kali by default has its own repo.
That you can update and fetch tools
or any programs that you want.
But sometimes there are some tools
or other programs which are not in
the official Repository.
So to do that you have to manually add
new repositories in your operating system.
Once you add these new repo path, it allows you
to fetch download and install those
new tools or programs.
So in this lesson, we are going to walk through that
what are sources.list repositories?
How you can come across a error when
you want to install a specific software, which is
not in the official repo.
How to fix it by adding a new
path in the sources start list and update the
repository of our Kali Linux machine and then
successfully install that software that you
want.
So the first thing that we are going to see is we are going to read these
sources start list file, which is
inside Etc apt.
When you go over here by default in
the Kali Linux default installation, this is
the official repo that you will see.
Now when you navigate to the next
directory, which is sources.list.d you
can see over here.
There are three list files which are being added explicitly which
allows you to install Google Chrome proton VPN
Sublime Text dot list Etc.
Now let us try to read one of the list file.
So let's say we are reading Google Chrome dot list
here. You can see this file is
automatically configured which is written in comment. You
may comment out this entry but on
any other modifications may be lost here you can
see the architecture is AMD 64
The version of the program that is going to be downloaded is
for Debian. It is going to be downloaded from this
specific URL, which is DL
which stands for download dot google.com
Linux Chrome for Debian the stable
main version.
I hope you guys understood this now.
Let us see the next one. This one is for
proton VPN stable.list.
It says that this is a
Debian download. This is the specific URL
which has been signed by a keyring
which is a valid certificate which
allows to download files officially from
the server.
Let us see the next one.
Let's see. What's next. So let's say
I want to install this program, which is signal now
signal like any other application
like telegram or Whatsapp allows you
to do communication.
This specific software is not
in the official repository, which means
you cannot install it directly by
typing the command apt get installed signal.
So once we go on this website here, we see
the Linux Debian base install instructions, which
we are going to follow in which
we primarily are going
to give the repository path to our Linux
machine and then we are going to fetch the
tool and install it successfully.
So here you can see there are three steps step one
to install our official public software signing
key, which will validate that the
request that is going is valid and you will
be able to download the software next is adding the
repository to your list of repositories and finally
the command to install this tool.
Let's see what happens if we directly run the command without
giving the path to the repo in
our sources.list.
You can see our machine will give a error like this, which says
unable to locate package.
this is because it is unable to identify the signal
desktop package into the official default
repository, which is it is trying
to fetch from
Okay, so we are going to follow the steps one
by one.
The first step is to give the official
signing key in our system. The next
step is going to download the repository
to our social start
list. So I'm going to copy paste the command over
here here you can see this is exactly the
same thing that we saw in Chrome and
proton VPN, which says the
architecture is AMD 64 for Debian
assigning key and from where
the program or the tool needs to
be downloaded from
Let us verify this by going in the same
directory and you can see over here signal dot list
one more list has been created successfully and
when we try to read this list, it is exactly as
same as for Google Chrome and proton VPN.
Great. So now we have successfully added
the list.
In our Kali Linux now we
need to update our repositories. So
for that we have to run
the command, which is sudo apt update.
When we run this command, it allows our Linux
machine to update the repo path
and fetch the tools from new given
source.list.
As you can see get one request says that
it has successfully updated its report path to
fetch programs from updates dot signals.org.
Next. We saw dl.google.com. The
third one is update start signal.org. Again.
These are all the custom
path that we have added that we want to
fetch the programs from
the next hit as you can see over here.
Are basically the default repo paths from where
it is trying to fetch if there has
been new programs that has been added or any new
packages that have been updated.
It will take few seconds to update it official
Repository.
And we just have to wait in for here.
Once this step is completed successfully we would
now be able to run the command which is
to install the signal package as we
saw before when we ran that
specific command it gave us an error.
But let us see this time what will happen will it again
given error, or will it allow us to install?
So it's almost complete.
So we are going to paste the command this time and hit enter.
And you can see it is successfully installing
the package that we want here. We
can see previously we got the error
while installing the signal desktop package.
We successfully ran the first command to add the
list file in our system and
the key ring as well after that.
We did a APT update and then we were
successfully able to install the package in our
system.
I hope you guys understood this. Thank you.