‫And finally, we're in the application layer.
‫Now, if you remember, I mentioned before for the ease of use, the last three layers session layer,
‫presentation layer and application layer are thought of together as the application layer.
‫As you know, these three layers are already a single layer in the TCP IP reference model.
‫So the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process
‫to process communications across an internet protocol computer network.
‫The application layer only standardizes communication and depends upon the underlying transport layer
‫protocols to establish host to host data transfer channels and manage the data exchange in a client
‫server or peer to peer networking model.
‫So let's have a look at some important protocols of the application layer.