Hello everybody and welcome back.
And in the previous editorials we finished setting up our Carolyn machine and setting up our ethical
hacking environment.
And we are almost ready to start learning the methods and the attacks of hackers.
But before we do that I need to introduce you to some of the networking terms and some of the ethical
hacking terms that you need to know in order to be able to follow with this course there's just some
of the basic terms that you all probably already know but just in case to cover them shortly one by
one.
So in this part one we will cover only networking terms and in the next part will cover the ethical
hacking firms.
So let's start off with the basic one which is DCP IP model.
Well DCP IP model basically uses client server model of communication in which a user or a machine for
example is provided a service like sending a web page by another computer in the network.
So there are several layers of this module and they go in order as a physical layer data layer network
layer transport layer session layer presentation there.
And the last one is application layer.
So the next thing we need to cover is IP addresses and all of the different commands I've configured
which we covered before.
And you can see that here I have two interfaces the w r o interface and the and now one interface they
both if what if they were both two were to be connected to the Internet they would both have different
IP addresses local IP addresses.
Now I'm connected all the divide of this card interface which is w l 0 1 and my IP V4 address is one
night to that 168 that on that 15.
So basically what an IP addresses is a numerical number or a label that that is used to identify the
machine on the Internet and also used as a location at racing.
There are two types of IP addresses IP for an IP B6 IP before is mostly used over IP 86.
Now there is also one thing you should differentiate which is the local IP address and global IP address
the local IP address is the IP address that you see right here which is 1 and 2 that 168 that one up
15.
And it is only usable on this local network which basically means if you were to type here this IP for
address in Europe for example Firefox or google chrome you won't be able to connect to me because this
is a local IP address and it only works on local network.
Now the global IP address is used by a router to communicate with the entire Internet.
For example you can find out what your global IP addresses by typing in the Google.
What is my IP.
Just click on the first link and it will show you what your global IP addresses.
The next thing you should cover is the MAC address the MAC address or media access control is address
basically a physical address given to that look at that call when it is manufactured.
You can find out what your mac addresses by typing the same command which is I have config which will
also show you the different MAC addresses for all your interfaces for all your network interfaces.
Now here we can see this is the MAC address of my wireless interface.
It is right here in my other network interface which is not connected to the Internet at the moment
has this MAC address.
It is a physical MAC address and it is also a unique MAC address.
It is hard wired or hard coded onto your computer's netbook interface.
Cut.
Next thing our routers or routers we all have them at our own home is.
It is a common device.
We usually call it rocker but it is actually a piece of network hardware that allows communication between
your local home network and the Internet.
It is also all layer of protection for your local machines.
The next thing you should know are DCP and UDP protocols.
Those are the most known protocols in the most basic protocols.
Their used basically for communication and there were basically used to establish a connection between
one computer and another computer.
For example DCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.
It is different than UDP because it is connection oriented protocol.
And while as you see the connection with protocol means that in DCP there is something called a three
way handshake which means that the two computers have to agree that the message came Hall from one computer
to another before sending the next packet.
While in the UDP protocol packets are just thrown at the other machine and it doesn't matter if some
of those packets is malfunctioned or didn't even get there it will just the machine will just start
sending other packets to the other computer.
It is mostly used for streaming or basically for your Skype calls for example while DCP is used to transfer
packets that are important to go in a certain way.
They're all labelled those packets are labelled with different numbers so that when one machine sends
to the other machine a program or a file it should all come in order that follows those numbers.
So basically the speed there is a guarantee that the data transfer remains intact and arrives in the
same order in which it sent while in the UDP.
It's not like that.
Now the next is the proper protocol which stands for the address resolution protocol.
It is a communication protocol used for discovering the Linkletter address such as MAC address associated
with a given Internet address.
Now this mapping is a critical function in the Internet Protocol set in basically has two types of outcomes.
The request type and the reply type the request type requests a certain MAC address of machine of which
it knows the IP address and just wants to find out what its MAC addresses.
And the reply is did reply sent by that machine which says hey I am 192 that 168 that that five and
this is my mac address.
For example that is our protocol.
It is used for our spoofing in man in the middle of acts which we will be covering later on.
And there are a bunch of other protocol that you should check out if you can know what they do.
Such PTSD P.S. A.P. ICMP and many more.
But what more important protocols for us are the HDP and HDP s protocols now some of you might be asking
what is the difference between those two.
Well basically engage the DP protocol.
There is no data encryption implemented and all of your uh.
For example if you're visiting initially the site and you're putting in a user name and password there
it can be seen in a plain text by anyone that is interfering with the connection between you and that
Web site for example as in the DB Yes there is the addition s. As you can see which stands for SSL or
less which is secure sockets layer transport layer security which basically encrypts your data and doesn't
allow anyone who is interfering with the connection to see your data in plain text.
They're on encrypted and hard to decrypt.
For example there are some SSL liabilities out there.
That's why most of the websites the websites nowadays you steal less.
There are three versions of TALF.
I believe one two and three and they are secure.
And the last thing that you need to know is the DNS which basically you use all day every time you visit
a website.
It is useful.
It is useful for us humans because we cannot remember numbers that well as we can remember words.
So for example if you want to visit Facebook dot com without DNS you will need to know the Facebook
IP address and you would always type in the Google search bar instead of Facebook dot com.
You will just type here the number or the IP address of Facebook.
DNS allows us to not to instead of the IP address.
Remember just the name and then it translates the name into the IP address.
It is a very important thing in the networking protocols and it is also one of the main things to attack
we'll be doing DNS text later on as we go with the course.
Now the DCP is basically only used for giving you the IP address.
Mostly it is also rebuilt into a router and everytime you connect to the Internet it basically just
gives you an available IP for address.
So that's about it from these networking terms.
You should all learn more about them if you want to.
I won't be covering this is not a networking course you should just send them up on the Google and basically
just read more about them if you want to.
For now this will be enough and in the next lecture we will cover some of the ethical hacking terms
that you also need to know in order to follow the course.
And I hope I see you there and take it.