After installing Kali Linux there are a few things you should do or at least be aware of.
The most important thing to be aware of is the kali user. Starting with Kali 2020.1
you cannot log in anymore.
Using the root user and password toor .Now a standard non-privileged user called kali is available and
its password is also kali. so I'm loging in with kali and password kali.
many if not all administrative tasks including running hacking tools require root. They must be started as root.
I'm opening a terminal and for the recording I'm changing the theme to a lighter one. You you'll
see the better
and I'm also changing the font I want a bigger size
to become root you execute the command sudo su in a terminal
and the password is kali. I am root.
all commands executed in this terminal will start with root privileges.
Notice that you are root in this terminal.
Only temporarily until you log out. to log out you type exit or press on control + D
if you open another terminal.
You will not be logged in as root but as the non privileged user kali. so to become rude in this terminal
you should execute sudo su again and kali
if you don't want to temporarily become root in a terminal you can execute a single command as
root using sudo and the command like this. I'm logged as kali and I am executing sudo apt install nmap
the apt command will start with root privileges. and the password is kali. That's how you execute
commands as root. Next you should install the guest additions in the host VM so in kali. they consists
of device drivers and system applications that optimize the guest operating system for better performance
and usability.
The most important features are better mouse integration shared folders and clipboard between the host
and the guest operating systems, better video support and so on.
So go to devices and then click on insert guest additions.
See the image. A new window pops up or you'll find it mounted on the desktop.
This is provided as a single cd-rom image file which is called VBoxGuestAdditions
dot iso
This is located in the installation directory of virtual box and it means that it came with virtual
box and it's already available.
On Kali it was mounted in slash media slash cdrom0. I'm opening a new terminal and moving to that
directory
Let's see its content
Here we see some executable files for different operating systems: Linux, Windows or Mac.
We are running Linux so we are going to execute the Linux script which is vboxlinuxadditions.run
this one. so as root I am executing the script.
sudo bash and the name of the script.
This is one way of executing scripts in Linux.
I'm entering the password which is kali.
It's asking if I wish to continue and I'm writing.
Yes
and it's running. it's adding some kernel modules and so on.
I'm pausing the video until it's done
and it's done. after it has finished
It's recommended to restart the VM in order to load the new kernel modules so you could simply execute
reboot
At this moment
I'm not doing it now
another I think you should be aware of is that the non privileged user Kali has another path variable
then the user root.
This means that I run a comment that exists like ifconfig it will say command not found even
though the command is there. you'll see it says comment not found. the reason is that the command is in
the /usr/sbin directory
and it doesn't search for commands there. It's searching for commands only in these directories
note that /usr/sbin is not there
What you can do is to execute the command using its absolute path like this
or you could add the directory to path like this.
I'm opening .bashrc from user's home directory.
At the end of the file I'm adding export path equals dollar patj colon and the directory /usr/sbin
and I'm saving the file.
I've used the VIM editor which is not straightforward if you are not used to it.
If you haven't used the VIM before
don't try it now but use another editor.
For example this simple text editor
this is the file you have to edit to change the path. I'm closing the terminal because the new path settings
will take effect only in new terminals. in a new terminal
I can run ifconfig as kali without using the full absolute path it's in the path. during this course
we'll use the terminal a lot.
If you want to customize it you go to file -> preferences and in this window you can change the font
the theme and many more. Another thing you can do is to update all applications.
You can do that by executing as root apt update && apt full-upgrade
so I'm becoming root, sudo su
kali is the password and apt update && apt full-upgrade
Note that it will take some time maybe a few minutes.