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Similar to how the nervous system forms one of the basic functional building blocks of our human body.

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So computer networks are at the very core of the interconnected, seamless world that we all know today.

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So hence it's a paramount importance to dedicate our efforts and focus on building and maintaining the

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security posture of our networks.

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Protecting our networks from an internal and external threats is one of the most important aspects of

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any information security program for an organization.

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In this chapter, we will be looking at the core concepts that will form our building blocks for our

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comprehensively secure network architecture.

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Besides a few best practices and guidelines and also for now, there is no technical requirements for

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this section of our course for an effective network security apparatus to be in place, it is important

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to understand the central concepts associated with it and the implied technologies and processes around

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it that make it robust and resilient to cyber attacks.

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Today, some of the common challenges that security professionals face is the lack of clear distinction

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between the devices in their infrastructure and the data that they hold or process.

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This is further complicated when the visibility is blurred by not having a demarcation of the various

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network boundaries.

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So today we have evolved networks with a component such as Internet of Things, industrial Internet

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of things and cloud computing, which have further added to the network's complexity.

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Network security in itself touches upon various attributes of security controls that a security professional

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should take into account, such as security gateways, SSL inspection, threat prevention engines,

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policy enforcement, cloud security solutions, threat detection and insights, attack analysis, w.r.t

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frameworks and so on.

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Therefore, it is important as a network security professional to not only have a clear visibility of

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your network, but also understand the effectiveness of your security products and solutions.

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The following subsections will help us get familiar with the key terms and components of network security.