Before going in detail about electric drive, let's understand the basics of electric motor.
What is electric motor?
We know that it converts electrical energy into mechanical or it can also convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy so that we can use the regenerative braking.
The electrical parameters are voltage current and register inductor and capacitor.
We realising that mechanical parameters are torque, speed, acceleration, displacement, force, math.
These are all mechanical barometer and opposing force at frictional force and drag force for the vehicle
that we have seen.
And the Aimé is the mass of pausing for mass and acceleration.
So if we look at what electric motor does, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
But for more related to our application, we can say that when we supply the voltage to the electric
motor, it will produce the dark and the resultant speed.
So in charge of the matter is connected to loud applause.
In case of electric vehicle, the developed at the shaft will result in speed of the electric vehicle
depending upon the vehicle characteristics that we have discussed.
So our all the motor how motor work.
To understand that, we need to understand how the current produced the dark, because we know that
always voltage will result in Gurren.
If we consider the voltage battery, then current will be depending upon the electric load.
The parameters are lnc for the simplicity in this circuit.
We can discuss about the register not only the resistance of the winding this current process with the
copper winding of the motor.
This conversion is the magnetic circuit due to production of flux and inflection of flux.
It produced the daughter in mechanical system, always viewed Israel from the start.
If talk is more spiritist, more an electrical system is voltage is higher, current is higher, and
the constant resistance yet.
And considering the constant frictional and opposing load in the mechanical system, I thought results
in higher speed.
So the fundamental block of any electric motor that can be represented in this form.
Let's discuss what Elliptic Motor is physically.
It is the very simplest device, but has the vast variety of application.
The electric motors, we can do it in two parts, one is iron ore steel that form its body and provide
the.
But for the magnetic circuit, yet for the flux, so iron body or steel that is having ferromagnetic
material, it should be having low reluctance because it formed the magnetic circuit and magnetic bar.
So we can see this is the magnetic part.
If we consider the copper binding wire or conductor, it should be having lower registers because current
flows through this winding and it become part of our electrical circuit or electrical fire.
If we combine this both together, then we can see the motor is nothing but the mechanical structure
and mechanical device.
So motorist's consist of this two part only iron ore, steel and copper winding.
And there's a few things worth supporting.
So likewise, if we consider and divide the matter in three parts, a moderate electrical system, also,
it is a mechanical system also and it's a magnetic system, if we look at the electric system and electrical
system parameters that are voltage current registers as a law.
So in the case of motor, the suggestions are lowering the resistance of copper binding or some other
parameter inductance of copper binding the force implicit.
If we consider only resistance, then according to Onslow, the current will be proportional to voltage
and inversely proportional to registers in electrical circuit.
We always have the Walia voltage from the battery source and the will of current will depend upon the
law and it may be dynamic depending upon the time.
Also conductive law is that the for simplicity in electrical circuits we need to find the correct voltage
will be a known quantity and the distance and these parameters are also known quantity.
Most of the time.
If we consider the power of electrical circuit because we know we require some specific minimum amount
of power of the motor to meet the requirement of the mechanical, electrical power is the product of
voltage current.
So now this equation is equal to Vinita.
High power is equal to voltage current.
Give us today about two having the same power motor to perform the same mechanical task.
We are having the option we should have higher voltage and less current are we have the higher current
and less voltage.
So out of this choice we can design the motor for a particular application when it's demand.
So higher current is.
That means we require them to conduct the diameter to meet the requirements of higher current and high
voltage requirements, resulting higher insulation size, but insulation size does not add the additional
cost as much as the thicker conductor required.
So we generally prefer the higher voltage and less current to reduce the losses.
Also, I cut our losses, which result in it also, and whenever higher voltage mortar is available,
we preferred it because it has a certain advantage of high voltage mortar.
Our electronics development of power electronics also become very complex when current is high and voltage
is less for the same power.
So low power, it's fine.
But for the high powered by kilowatt and greater within five kilowatt mortar, we prefer the voltage
greater than 72 or 90 volt.
But we look up to the one kilowatt to kilowatt, we can go for the 48 volt and less voltage, but current
will be high according to that.
So it will result in the robocalling arrangement for the converter.
Also, when current is high, this is the electrical system.
This current plus for the copper Winley now come to the mechanical structure because electric model
of the dark and the dark, if not attached to the vehicle, it will accelerate the vehicle.
So we had the linear motion and rotary motion in the mechanical system component of linear motion,
forced displacement, velocity and rotary motion, dark, dark force multiplied by a radius and speed.
If we to do the power of mechanical system, the mechanical output power is equal to start multiplied
by speed.
So whenever there talk is a new transmitter and spirit in radio, in second, it will get the same McQuillen.
Will you of mechanical output power?
So whenever we require the mechanical power, high torque or less speed and the same power can be utilized
for the application with the high speed and less God, that means the vehicle or any mechanical law
demands high talk at less speed or less torque at high speed.
We demand the same amount of power and that can be supplied by the electrical, motor electrical system.
If you consider the vehicle we need to project the high court starting at low speed, that means a certain
amount of power and speed increase.
If we demand the load at high speed, then we can have the same power requirement.
Currently, zero and voltage is dead.
There is no electric power that is not in any electric input power like in mechanical system if speed
is zero, but if there is dark, if our electric motor produces the dark, which produces the force
and this dark is generated, but if somehow we hold that water or hold the vehicle so we can move,
and because of this, it becomes zero.
So mechanical output power is zero in this case, but electrical input power is dead because current
is flowing and voltage is dead.
So the efficiency becomes zero, mechanical output is zero, electrical input is dead.
So this case, if we compare the unit of energy, the electrical energy is measured in, what, in two
seconds?
What is the unit of power?
Mechanical energy is measured in Newton Meter and thermal energy.
We measuring the relation that we already know.
One word second is equal to one.
Newton meter is equal to one June.
So unit of mechanical power has become a new transmitter, but second, electric power, what one what
is equal to one Newton meters per second that can be compared with the electrical power.
And if we consider the magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit exist whenever current flows through
any conductor, if current flows through any conductor, the circulator flux will always generated around
periphery of the conductor.
If current flow through the coins is nothing but no open one and it will become goyle.
So because fluxes always produce around the periphery of conductor, it will be added to the inside
and it will form a particular pattern.
And inside the coil, if we put the ion piece, which is having very low relative to the magnetic circuit,
which compared to the flux will be concentrated in the iron bar.
This is how magnetic circuit generated from the current and done so.
Magnetic motive force is equal to attempting to turn for any model.
That's why, as we used to call when current is flowing through the coil, depending upon the number
of tonne.
So you can also see the product of M.F. current and number.
Often if we have the less current and more number of tonne, that can generate the same amount of magnetic
flux.
And if we have the higher current and less number of stuff, it cannot generate the same amount of what
flux for the same reluctance.
So these are the comparison of electrical system, mechanical system and magnetic system, because motor
consists of all this.
This iron box is the body iron ore, steel, and we always have a small amount of agap through it.
We allow the rotor to rotate and our fluxing the electrical circuit will flow to the data through Atget
and through daughter and it from the magnetic circuit.
So this is the basic box of electric motor system.
Now, if we look at the requirement of electric motor, so instead of how it works in detail at this
level, we will concentrate on the characteristics of the electric motor.
So we understood that how vehicle characteristics can be obtained and how we can as a law can be defined
by the top speed characteristics of the vehicle, the same way the motor had its capability to join
the car at a certain amount of speed.
That means if we applied a certain amount of constant voltage, more capable to develop a certain amount
of torque at low speed and a certain amount of torque for the same voltage, high speed will be different.
So that we will discuss in the next section about the speed or characteristic of the motor and how to
match it with the speed characteristic of the vehicle.
So this talk will be applied to the vehicle and overall speed will be depend upon the generated board
by the motor.
The motor is capable to thought, but depend upon the speed that we will discuss.
And what is the talk of the vehicle as a lower vehicle opposed this dark and according to the vehicle
or characteristics, the state equilibrium point will decide the final speed or the generator and for
the applied voltage.
So we will look at the electric motor as it does with characteristics.
Next section.