So now let's discuss about what energy source for the electric vehicle that is battery, we know why,
because it is the compact and stored energy in the form of chemical energy that can be declared in the
electric front.
We prefer the battery is the most efficient and most profitable energy source in the electric vehicle.
So there are mainly two types of batteries using the electric vehicle.
It all started with the lithium batteries and now the Prendes lithium ion batteries, and we are preferring
the rechargeable batteries over the long rechargeable batteries for the electric vehicle application.
We will discuss Imada, Hugh Downs and barometer's of the batteries.
The requirement of electric batteries, you should have the high specific energy to having the lowest.
And high energy density, so we will have the lower volume.
And high power density and high power density, so it can supply the higher current capability.
All it should be justified with the cost.
So most electric vehicle available in the market nowadays are having the battery electric vehicle and
use the battery as a main source and only the source of energy.
So this session will discuss a other parameters and specification that need to know about the electric
vehicle batteries is the life cycle battery will take turns its capacity to reach energy creating and
parallel connection with life cycle and ratings are more important to understand.
So let's talk.
Badly having it's altered, it's called the nominal voltage.
We know that the battery of bikes and got had a rating of twelvefold.
It's called the nominal voltage.
But when batteries are fully charged, this voltage will be higher than 12.
We are talking about when it is not connected to load and metal, fully charged and disconnected from
everywhere.
Like when batteries fully discharge, its voltage will be less than 12.
That means less than nominal voltage and it may down 10 to 11 volt.
It should be noted that yet the discharging of battery does not mean the voltage across to be reduced
to zero.
If it does happen, that means batteries dead.
Energy density is multiplication of voltage and our.
It is not only the voltage.
So please note that when discharging battery does not mean it is.
Only the voltage across to the middle of the battery when it's fully charged, definitely voltage will
be slightly higher and it is when discharge voltage will be slightly less than dominant voltage.
So this radiation will be less.
Every battery manufacturer will have slightly different voltage performance coal under.
That means the town's terminal voltage is used when we connect the load due to internal resistance of
battery voltage drop internal.
The battery happens due to the current and according to lower voltage computer will be changed and will
be reduced when nominal voltage is twelvefold.
If we do, the more current through the battery, if loaded with the more current, then it will be
slightly less.
Internal resistance may vary from zero point zero and two zero point one home of the battery, depending
upon the battery, obviously.
But this is the typical value.
So when we measure the voltage without law and terminal voltage with the law, that will be slightly
different.
The terminal voltage will be different.
To old age is the term use to observe the battery voltage when it is fully charged and when it is disconnected
and put on track for 12 to 24 hour, that will be different in voltage rating due to internal chemical
process.
And this judge told you see this in some literature, the charging voltage is the voltage across to
terminal when batteries put on charge when charging is happen to determine where if you observe, voltage
will be higher than the fully charge voltage even it will be 14 to 15 volt because we want to input
the current charger to make.
So it's called the changing world, and we want to change the metric 14 to 15 world of realworld that
but.
If you take the typical values of the ladies here, badly nominal voltage will fund twelvefold, fully
charged voltage will be around 13 volt and fully discharged voltage will be around ten point five to
eleven point.
And if we consider the case of lithium ion battery, lithium ion batteries, having individual cells
connected in cities are parallel to have higher voltage or higher current, each cell having nominal
voltage and a different variant available.
We are taking one case in nominal voltages, three point seven volt.
It's fully charged voltage of one cell around four point to one and fully discharge voltage will be
two point eight.
ELLINGWOOD The case, we need to understand that when nominal voltage is twelvefold and fully charged,
voltage is 13 world.
If we connect to battery in cities, we are expecting voltage of 24 volt, but fully charged voltage
will be 26.
If we connected 14 cities, it will be 28.
Likewise.
When connected in cities, a number of cells, the police charge voltage will be multiplied by four
points to a nominal voltages, three point seven.
So you can see a variation is high, which compared to battery.
Chad, it is called a social.
It is important to identify the level of the battery state of the judge, how much energy remains and
how much energy drained from the battery.
That is called the associate level of judge status.
Judge.
As we already discussed, discharging are fully discharged medically does not mean multiculturalist
zero, the variation between the range of upper limit and lower limit.
It will be also different for each battery, depending upon the manufacturing guidelines.
But typical will you?
Obviously, it will be around if we consider the case of lithium ion battery.
We discussed fully charged, multiuse 13 volt and fully discharged voltage will be around 11 or ten
point five to 11.
So by observing this all day of the battery, we will have ideas about how energy is remaining in the
battery.
So this is called a straight up charge.
And by using this, we can build the battery level indicator.
So now you can have idea how badly all indicator works on Skatoff and this voltage change.
You need to do this.
So Metallo Indicator Indicator will declare anything but and with this whole tapering, it will give
the idea about data, how percentage Matley energies remaining.
Badly impede our capacity, mentally specifying impaired our capacity.
The implicit well, empire badly can supply constant current for one hour, or we can save one empire
for lower, that matter is multiplication of empire in power.
So if we are having 24 hour battery and it can supply 20 for NPR for one hour, and if we reduce the
empire by half, it will it can supply chain of current force to empire.
This is what our capacity is.
Toward energy, that is total amount of energy in terms of what second, we can calculate from voltage
rating and compare our rating automatically, consider twelvefold battery having 24 hour capacity energy
storage batteries calculated is battery voltage multiplied by and rating energy is equal to 24, multiplied
by 24.
And for this battery, five seventy six, whatever is the energy capacity, your 24 word is used for
connecting to battery in cities to battery of twelvefold and 24 imperia.
When we connect in cities you'll get 24 and 24.
Eight make the typical cases because an electric bicycle project may require 24 hour or 12 hour battery
connector in cities.
Bensedrine 24 volt.
Under.
So energy is 536 what?
This energy.
Will be helpful when we calculate the total number of units consumed when recharge the batteries, and
it will help in estimating the cost of electricity when you charge the battery.
So dating is the important barometer, ultimately, that's a understand what is the rating it indicates
charging and discharging limit the metrics it represents as multiplier and our capacity of the battery
one C means one Ampera battery charger discharge the one.
It can also return one by the one or one by C.
Now, this is why we need more cash to understand one by see if zero point five C or it can be C by
two zero point five C minus one computer battery can charge or discharge at zero point vampyre only
in zero point five C waiting to get a battery.
Then it can be charged or discharged one.
And that means have the NPA to Siemens one each battery can charge or discharge at two MPLX.
If you understand what is the importance of separating, irrespective of our capacity, we can have
higher current or possibility of.
Hi, Carentan, it's an approval rating so that we can use the less age battery for our project if C
rating is high, if we are hung vampira battery in order to guarantee the required 20 MPLX, then we
can use the five C or 40 badly and even symptomatically can work and supply the sufficient current.
Ladies here, Betty, Avanade with C10, yet Wannsee and see when is different.
So please remember this demand better rating is very low and it is written as C, and that means only
10 percent of the total H capacity.
Or we can see by 10 or zero point one C, C 10 is zero point one C or C by 10 and can charge or discharge
only zero point one and one empire.
Our lithium battery acid battery can charge or discharge at only zero point one and.
That lithium ion battery.
The C rating will be specified by the manufacturer like this is MetroHealth, the empire capacity with
800 million people.
That means five point eight million.
And so rating is 25.
So we can charge of twenty 25 C bill for supplying very high current.
And this military hearing for D.C., so it can supply even high current and this, irrespective of what
happens to multiplication by 5.5 to 40, will give us the maximum possible current that can be discharged
to battery at which we can discharged the battery charge, the battery.
In some case, charge rate or discharge rate may be specified differently, geodesy and discharge S..
Yeah, generally use Linesville batteries are of 12 and 24 hour and 12 hour and 20 hour batteries are
recommended for the electric bicycle project.
If you do any less than 12 hour battery, the battery life will be very, very large because it will
go the high current.
We already observe the rating of the battery is very.
Low only zero point one empire for one empire.
So if we are having 10 percent, top 20.
What it means to work for Ampera only, but if it drove the higher current, especially with batteries,
can supply the more current sedating except to zero point five to one zero point five is also the maximum
value of creating for the estimated 20 specially designed for every.
So it is recommended to use special Metalist if you are a battery and of the higher rating.
So we need to use the higher rating when we had it included and it is recommended use only 24 hour,
not less than
24 will give the.
So it is a of related batteries, because lithium ion batteries can be help design for the very special
connection of sale and it will be modular.
But later, battery will help 112 volt.
And if we connect to a battery of 12 or 24 edge in cities, then we will have total capacity of 24.
All but empire capacity will remain the same 24 hour because current will flow same current about the
battery connected in cities.
This is how far the voltage addition we can connect the two batteries are more sensitive than current
communi seen very little connection up the ladder to the battery.
If we connect to Twelver and 24h battery in parallel like this, then or the two is connected to positive
negatives, connected to negative.
And we are hearing from positive and negative that's connected to control of our motor and will have
your voltage will remain realworld and 48 edge capacity will be high.