Hello, let's discuss about sports, hybridization and different configuration based on energy source,
as we have seen that the battery is not the only option to supply the energy to the electric vehicle.
We can also use an ultra capacitor, flywheel or fuel cell, whereas each energy source has its own
limitation and advantages.
Yet we need to first understand that what is the requirement of an electric vehicle and what are the
limitations when use only battery as a source of energy?
Let's recall electric vehicle demands that energy source should have high specific energy as well as
high specific power because the specific energy is directly related to the vehicle range, while the
specific power affect the acceleration and climbing capability.
So if we want a higher starting talk and any climbing capability, then a source must have the high
specific power.
Thus we need an energy source which fulfills both the requirement or we have to use two different energy
sources, one which is having the highest specific energy and other with the high specific power.
So this way we can achieve higher electric vehicle range without compromising of performance, like
compromising the starting talk or pick up or compromising with the Lamby capability.
So it's called hybridization when we use more than one energy source to power an electric vehicle.
Let's discuss the different electric vehicle configuration based on the energy source to understand
different configuration more clearly, we will focus on this three requirement, the specific energy
and specific power.
And in addition to that, Padawan, is acceptability of regenerative energy, energy, receptivity.
So during regeneration, the energy source should be capable of accepting the regenerative power and
energy.
These two are mostly related.
The energy source or with the specific power can have the high energy receptivity.
But some sort are not energy receptive or cannot accept the regenerative energy like the fuel cell.
So let's discuss further the different possible configuration and its advantage, but we will focus
on the three you know, the energy, power and energy related to range power will give this idea about
the eco performance acceleration and the whole Plan B capability.
And same day that intensity energy is also the power.
Because in regeneration, we need the amount of power to be fed in the short duration.
So specific power, generally, high water matter, regenerative braking and performance, let's start
with the very first well-known configuration.
It called the battery electric vehicle believe that only the Metro is the only source of energy through
the power supply.
It supplied the power to the motor.
Yeah, differential and all other arrangements are not shown for the simplicity.
We are focusing on this, but we already discussed the model configuration within propulsion system
already, so we are not discussing any further.
The simplest way is to battery the power, electronics and an electric motor.
So if we want this simplified form of energy source, then we record the battery, which can fulfill
all our purpose.
That is the requirement of high specific power, high energy and.
The regenerative capability, but if you a single type of battery and we need to compromise somewhere
that we can go for the highest specific power or we can select the battery life, which is having the
highest specific energy, or we can compromise, then we should we can have more power and more direct.
Pacific Energy.
So this is the only problem with this basic configuration, but still it is mostly and widely adopted
in the industry.
So most current electric vehicle we see are the battery, electric vehicle and battery.
Adelita Energy Source.
We had no option, so in this configuration, hybrid battery source, instead of the single battery,
viewed the two battery, which is used for the specific purpose and different types of battery can be
used together.
So one without the purpose of high specific energy and another one will.
So the purpose of high specific power.
So this way we can have the combination of two backup batteries and that can extend the range of material
that can use the high acceleration as well, Ed, during regeneration.
Also, this battery is used.
This is.
The only bad hybrid where two types of battery can be used.
So after that, we can have a possibility to use the fuel cell, but the fuel cell can not accept the
energy during the braking and regeneration.
So that is the main purpose.
We also used the battery in addition to fuel cell.
And now you got the idea.
Fuel cell has the high specific energy that we already discussed.
But the problem of spacing and volume that required to store the hydrogen gas compressed nitrogen gas,
but in this case, the fuel cell we use as a high specific energy and the battery addition to fuel cell
will use the high specific power.
So during the generation this battery comes in picture and during normal operation, Hoosen can supply
the power for long.
So this is the combination fuel cell is we already discussed it working and it can also be considered
energy generation.
And this is energy stored device.
Now, with the fuel cell only, we can add one more component, it is the formula for this configuration
is also currently the topics of research and one can use to serve the purpose of hybrid petrol and electric
vehicle.
So yet the main propulsion system is motor still sort of electric vehicle, but the reformer will convert
the methanol or petrol that is stored into this reformer and it's converted into the hydrogen that requiring
the fuel cell.
So saving the fuel cell with liquid hydrogen and ADESA input.
And it's a hydrogen which is converted within the farmer from them with a lot of petrol.
So that is the storage tank and a reformer that do this purpose.
And because we know that the space and volume required to store the compressed hydrogen is very high.
So this will eliminate this issue also.
And fuel cell will serve their purpose to provide the higher specific energy and material for the purpose
of high specific power.
But again, yet our emission will be not only water but water plus CO2.
And this reformer, again, we are using the petrol.
So yet we can think of different possibilities.
We can also use fuel cell for rorting the additional our energy whenever we are facing any trouble with
having the battery or to extend the range of battery power in addition to battery power, when fuel
like methanol and particles are readily available and can easily be stored so that refuelling can be
done very fast.
So one can think about the better combination of this.
We can use both 50 50 percent.
We can have this as a higher energy source and this also with the modern energy source.
And likewise, we can have different possible configurations.
But generally this is used to solve the high energy, high specific energy and this is water high specific
power in this combination.
So fuel cell battery hybrid with three former.
We already started ultra capacitor now when we had the ultra capacitor.
We need one additional power electronics that can supply to the market and to meet the requirement of
the input power.
So I have one more power electronics so we can now idea an ultra capacitor in order to have the highest
Pacific power so it can be used for that purpose.
And it can also be recharged very fast so we can use for the regeneration as a specific power.
And in this case, we use the battery with the high speed energy to do it by using the different combination.
We can optimize our performance and cost about.
But there are lots of possibilities for the researchers who want to work in this area of energy source
for the electric.
You know, the flywheel will can supply the high specific power we know we use flywheel during the regeneration
purpose and during the breaking operation only, and in addition, we degrade the battery, which can
supply the specific energy again to meet the requirement after hour, one more additional power electronics
converter to convert the living to the power required by the converter and to connect with the battery.
So we already discussed about this flywheel is not just the low speed conventional flywheel that is
a mechanical device.
But Flywheel used in electric vehicles are quite different.
It is very ultra high speed of recording and a vacuum to get the ultra high speed.
And we already discussed too much about the.
So it is the special motor generator device which can apply to the more Treadwell's generator.
He is with the electric rig, so don't be confused with any investment, mechanical, low speed Flybe.
So hope you got the idea about the basically reconfiguration, there are too much things to study and
to discuss all the electrical engineer when they started working with the different energy source.
And it's a possibility and they can do the good analysis and come up with the new.
Results for performance.