So 6 to 4 tunnels must use this address range 2000 to colon colon slash 16.
As I've mentioned, this is a special address assigned by the Ayana specifically for 6 to 4 tunnels.
The advantage of this method is it allows for the establishment of automatic tunnels and it gives a
prefix to the attached IP version six network.
The IP version for address is converted to hexadecimal and added to this address.
So 16 bits plus 32 bits gives you 48.
So the subnets must have a mosque of 48.
Note this IP address 192168 99.1, which is the IP address of router one's interface.
Connecting to this IP version for infrastructure 192168 30.1 is the IP address of router two connecting
to the IP version for infrastructure.
Now using a Windows calculator, 192 in decimal equals C zero in hexadecimal.
168 in decimal equals eight in hexadecimal.
In other words, this portion of the address is the hexadecimal representation of this IP address.
This portion of this address is the hexadecimal representation of 1921682 30.1.
So when traffic is sent from this MacBook to this network, rather one knows that it needs to encapsulate
that traffic and send it to 192168 30.1 and vice versa.
When this server sends traffic to this MacBook on this network, it's going to send it to its default.
Gateway router to router two knows that it needs to send that traffic to this IP address, which is
the IP address of router one because of the information contained in the IP version six address router
two will then encapsulate that IP version six traffic inside an IP version four tunnel and send it to
router one.
We will then decapitate it and send it as an IP version six packet to the MacBook Interest site.
Automatic Tunnel Addressing protocol is an automatic overlay tunneling mechanism that once again uses
IP version four as a link layer for IP version six.
These type of tunnels allow individual IP version four, IP version six dual stack hosts within a site
to communicate with other hosts on a virtual link, creating an IP version six network.
Using the IP version for infrastructure.
It would allow a host, for example, to set up a dynamic IP version six tunnel to a Cisco router across
an IP version for infrastructure.
Teredo Tunneling allows for host to host automatic tunneling instead of gateway tunneling.
It can be used to pause unicast IPV six traffic when dual stack hosts are located behind one or multiple
IP version four network address translators for this course.
Don't worry too much about the technical details of these two tunneling methods.
Just recognize that they are valid.
IP version four to IP Version six Transition Mechanisms.
Now let's look at tunneling IP version six over IP version four.
So on our when we are only going to run IP version four.
So on serial zero zero, we're going to configure ten 1 to 1 on R one and an R to serial zero zero.
We're only going to configure ten 1 to 2.
So on router one.
Short run interface several zero zero shows us that we still have IP version six.
Configured.
So let's remove that.
Do show run interface 000 shows us that the IP address is removed.
Let's remove RIP just to clean up the configs.
And as you can see, all IP version six configuration has been removed from this interface.
Let's do the same on router two.
So.
Interface Serial zero zero.
No.
IPV six.
Address No.
IPV six.
Enable.
Once again, only IP version form this interface.
So back on router one I typed show IPV six route.
It'll only see the local routes.
I will not be able to ping.
This remote network because there's no IP version six connectivity.
From Misrata to Misrata.
So just to sum up, show run interface, if zero zero shows us that we're not running IP version four
on the first Ethernet interface.
And we are not running IP version six on the serial interface of our one on our T.
Show run interface if zero zero shows us that we're not running IP version four on the first Ethernet
interface.
And we are not running IP version six on the serial interface.
So let's set up a tunnel to allow connectivity between the IP version six networks.
So to do that, you have to create a tunnel interface.
So I'm going to say interface tunnel zero.
I'm going to be lazy now and just say IPV six Address 2003.
Colon.
Colon one.
Specify the tunnel source as 10.1 to 2.1.
The tunnel destination is going to be ten at 1.2.2, which is this IP address on the serial interface
of R to the tunnel mode is going to be IPV six IP.
Otherwise the default of Greece would be used.
In this case, I'm going to specify a static route.
So this route is available through tunnel zero on route one, on Route two.
I can do something similar.
So create a tunnel interface, specify an IP version six address.
Specify the tunnel source.
Final destination.
Tunnel mode.
Notice that various options.
Yeah.
We're going to go for IPV six over IP encapsulation.
Specify a steady grant.
Now.
Let's see if it works.
So on router one show.
IPV six rout.
Shows me that static route through tunnel zero.
So let's ping 2001 colon one colon, one colon three colon colon one.
And as you can see, it succeeds.
We do a trace.
You can see it succeeds just to prove this to you again.
If I shut the tunnel down.
And then try and do a ping.
The ping will timeout, as you can see there.
Do that again.
So let's not shut the tunnel.
Tunneling devices come up.
And there you go.
It's working because the tunnel is now up and functioning.
Proxy and translation.
In other words, net PTT or network address translation protocol translation allows for the translation
of both IP addresses and protocols.
In other words, this host on the left hand side only communicates using IP version for the host.
On the right hand side only communicates using IP version six.
The router in the middle can act as a translator, translating between IP version four and IP version
six and vice versa.
I'm going to demonstrate this in a moment.
So let's look at an example of configuring net PPT or net protocol translation.
Rather one is only running IP version six router two is doing protocol translation between IPV six on
its serial zero zero interface and IP version four on its Fost Ethernet zero zero interface router three
is only running IP version four.
En route.
A one show IP interface brief shows you that there are no IP addresses configured on any interfaces.
In other words, there is no IP version for running on this router.
Show IPV six Interface Brief shows you that we have this IP address configured on the serial zero zero
interface.
Conrad a three.
Show IP interface brief.
Shows me that I'll have IP address ten 112 configured on fast ethernet zero zero as per I diagram show
IPV six interface brief.
Shows me that I have no IP addresses configured on the router, so no IPV six is running on the router.
En route to.
Show IP interface brief shows me that I have IP address ten 111 configured on the first Ethernet interface,
but no other IP addresses show IPV six interface brief.
Shows me that I have this IP address configured on the serial interface as per our diagram.
Now I've configured.
This command IPV six net on the first Ethernet interface.
As well as on the serial interface.
Again, you can see the IP address on the first Ethernet interfaces, IP version four and the IP address
on the serial interfaces IP version six.
I've also typed these commands.
This command defines the IPv6 prefix used as the net protocol translation prefix in the IPv6 domain.
The only prefix length supported is a slash 96.
And then I've created static mappings.
I'm telling the router that this IP address ten 112, which is the IP address of router three, needs
to be translated to this IP version six address.
I'm also telling it that this IPV six address, which is the IP address of router one, should be translated
to this IP address.
Notice ten 113 doesn't exist as an IP address on any device.
Neither does this IP address.
In the first net statement, we are translating IP version four to IP version six.
So it's a valid IP version for address on router three configured to a fake IP address.
In the second net command, we are doing IPV six to V for translation.
So this is a real IP address configured on router one, going to a fake IP address in the IP version
four domain, but within the subnet.
So now on router one, I can ping the IPV six address associated with the IP version four address of
router three.
And notice the ping succeeds on router three.
I can ping 10.1 at 1.3.
Which is the IP version for address that represents router one.
And notice the ping succeeds.
To prove this, let's type debug IP ICMP on router three and then on router one.
Do a ping to that address.
And as you can see here, root of three is sending a reply from a source of ten one one to its IP address
to a destination of ten 113.
The netted IP version for address for router one's IPV six address.
Topping the come on show IP net translation shows no translations by tapping the commands show.
IPV six net translations.
Shows me my net translations.
Ten 112 is going to that address.
Ten 113 is going to that address.
Those are source translations.
Notice IPV four Source two IPV six source.
But notice this source and destination options, and that's what you're seeing over here.
So that was an example of net translation.
Let's do a debug.
So debug IPV six net and let's just enable all net.
Obviously in the real world, you need to be very careful doing that.
And here is an example.
You can see IP version six net translating ICMP with a source address, which is IP version six to an
IP version for source address, going to destination of ten 112, which is IP version for the IPV six
equivalent that we created in net is that address.
By the same token.
Do a ping.
210 113.
And you can see the net translations taking place.
So this is an example of static IP version four to IP version six Network Address Translation, Protocol
translation or net t.
So what have we covered?
I explained the need for IP version six.
The 3rd of February 2011 was a major milestone in the history of the Internet, with the exhaustion
of unallocated IPv4 addresses.
We are now being forced to implement IP version six.
I explain the format of an IP version six address.
We looked at methods of assigning an IPv6 address.
We spoke about the updated routing protocols which are used in IP version six environments, including
RIP N, G and OSPF version three.
We spoke about various implementation strategies such as tunnelling, dual stacks, net t.
I also spent some time demonstrating the functionality of IPV six networks, including the configuration
of RIP and G.
Thank you for watching.