‫Instructor: Hi.
‫Within this lecture we are gonna learn
‫about Linux package managers.
‫And by package managers, I mean some kind of tools
‫or softwares that actually let us install new tools
‫or search for new tools
‫or update and upgrade new tools easily.
‫So let me show you what I mean
‫and you will understand it in a better way.
‫So you can be root
‫or you should be root in order to do that.
‫So I'm gonna just open a root terminal.
‫Or you can just open a regular terminal
‫and become root by running sudo su.
‫And after that I going to show you what you need to run.
‫So all you gotta do is just run this apt update.
‫So apt is the package manager.
‫So let me show you what I mean by Googling it.
‫Because apt is not the only option in Linux.
‫In Kali Linux we use actually apt.
‫So we will be using apt throughout the course as well.
‫But let me show you some other alternatives by Googling it.
‫You don't have to do that,
‫I'm just Googling it so that I can show you.
‫Let me open the package manager from Wikipedia,
‫or let me search it like this,
‫apt yum and some other stuff.
‫Yeah, here you go,
‫apt, yum, dnf, pkg.
‫So here you go.
‫So package management system,
‫you can see that every kind of different Linux distribution
‫uses some kind of specific package manager.
‫For example, you can see dnf, you can see yum,
‫you can see apt, you can see package or pkg
‫in other distribution of Linux systems
‫like Debian or Ubuntu,
‫Ubuntu, Fedora, BSD, CentOS.
‫So you can actually see different kind of commands
‫in order to achieve these results.
‫But in Kali we are using apt,
‫which is one of the alternatives.
‫What it does is it actually looks
‫for the installed packages.
‫It looks for the available packages in the package system.
‫It downloads those packages.
‫It downloads those softwares for you.
‫It installs it in your system.
‫It gathers it to the user folder, home folder, etc folder,
‫whatever folder it should be into.
‫And it actually puts the binary in the bin folder
‫so you can actually use it.
‫So there are a couple of things
‫that you should learn about apt
‫and we will be seeing them right now.
‫And as you can see there are a couple
‫of instructions over here.
‫You're more than welcome to read this on your own time.
‫We are going to see the fundamentals of it
‫and you will learn how to use it like in a minute.
‫I'm just looking over here
‫so that I can maybe find something interesting to show you.
‫I believe that's it.
‫We can just close this down and just go along with it.
‫So before we run this apt update, I'm gonna show you,
‫you can see apt or apt-get during the course.
‫Like apt-get update rather than apt update
‫or apt-get install rather than apt install.
‫So technically they're a little bit different,
‫but they do the same thing.
‫So apt and apt-get doesn't matter.
‫So first of all, I'm going to run apt update,
‫which will actually update the apt
‫so that it can find newer versions
‫of the packages of the tools
‫that we will be downloading or upgrading.
‫So it's a good idea to update the apt
‫once you install the Kali Linux.
‫So it doesn't actually upgrade the existing tools
‫inside of your own computer.
‫It actually updates only the package manager itself
‫so that it can find the newer versions.
‫So if you are ready to install,
‫you will be installing the newest versions.
‫If you run apt upgrade, by the way, don't do that right now.
‫It upgrades the existing ones with the newer versions,
‫but you don't have to do that right now
‫because it takes so long.
‫And since you have already freshly installed Kali Linux,
‫it should be up-to-date
‫maybe like a couple of files and folders,
‫like couple of tools have updates available,
‫but they're not mandatory.
‫If everything is working,
‫then I believe you can just skip this.
‫Again, if you run apt upgrade, it's gonna take so long.
‫Unless you come across in a situation
‫where you experience some tools not working,
‫then maybe you can upgrade and try one more time.
‫But if everything is working, just skip it.
‫So we generally use like this,
‫apt install and we write the tool that we want to install.
‫Of course, you don't know any tools right now.
‫We haven't seen it.
‫For example, we don't know what a Wireshark is.
‫We will learn it later on during the course,
‫but if you run it right now, as you can see,
‫it asks us, "Do we want to continue?"
‫Yes or no?
‫I will say yes, Y, and hit enter.
‫And as you can see, it installs the Wireshark.
‫And in fact, Wireshark is already installed
‫in the Kali Linux.
‫It's just upgrading the Wireshark
‫because we have previously executed apt update.
‫So it found the newer version
‫and once we installed the Wireshark, it upgraded it.
‫So that's how we use apt.
‫We just write the tool name and it downloads the tool,
‫it installs the tool, and tool is ready for us.
‫It's very convenient.
‫So you can do that with any available tool of course.
‫And in other versions like in other distributions,
‫you can see dnf, yum,
‫and it's exactly the same like yum installer,
‫something like that.
‫But we are going to go with apt or apt-get
‫during this course.
‫And again, you can use them in interchangeably in this case.
‫And if you wanna search something,
‫for example, if you wanna search for some tool,
‫maybe you are gonna install something,
‫but you don't know the exact name of it.
‫You can come over here and you can run apt search.
‫Of course you must get what you're searching.
‫For example, if you search for Wireshark,
‫you will see different kind of versions
‫or different kind of tools related with the Wireshark.
‫As you can see, there are many over here.
‫Right now you don't know the names of the tools
‫or what they do.
‫So maybe you don't understand quite what's happening.
‫Don't worry about it.
‫Let me search something else like bettercap.
‫This is one of the tools that we will be using
‫during the course.
‫As you can see, we see all the related tools
‫with the bettercap.
‫So I can just come over here and just select one of them
‫and execute the comment with apt install.
‫As you can see, it's already in the newest version
‫so it didn't do anything.
‫So we will use this a lot.
‫You don't have to do anything right now,
‫but if you see apt during the course,
‫then you know what it is now.