‫So now let's talk about EBS volumes.
‫And there are different volume types.
‫They come in six different types today,
‫and we can group them in several categories.
‫The first one is gp2/gp3,
‫which is a general purpose SSD volume
‫that will balance price
‫and performance for a wide variety of workloads.
‫And this is something we've been using so far
‫in this course.
‫Then we have io1 and io2,
‫their highest performance SSD volumes that will be used
‫for mission-critical, low-latency
‫and high throughput workloads.
‫Then we have st1 volumes
‫and their low cost HDD volume designed
‫for frequently accessed throughput-intensive workloads.
‫We have sc1 volume,
‫which are going to be the lowest cost HDD volume
‫and it will be designed
‫for less frequently accessed workloads.
‫Now, how do you define an EBS volume?
‫Well, you can have several factors, for example,
‫size, throughput and IOPS,
‫which means I/O operations per second.
‫And obviously when in doubt,
‫always consult the documentation.
‫Now, for your EC2 instances, only gp2 and gp3,
‫and io1 and io2 can be used as boot volumes.
‫That means where the root OS is going to be running.
‫So now let's go do a deeper dive onto gp2, gp3,
‫io1, io2, and the other ones.
‫But gp2, the general purpose
‫and the provisioned IOPS are going to be the most important
‫for your exam.
‫So gp2 is cost-effective storage with low latency
‫and you can use it for system boot volumes,
‫virtual desktop, development and test environments.
‫The size can vary between one gigabyte to 16 terabytes.
‫And so we have differences between gp2 and gp3.
‫Gp3 is the newer generation of volumes.
‫So gp3 gives you a baseline
‫of 3,000 IOPS and a throughput of 125 megabytes per second.
‫And then we can increase IOPS up to 16,000,
‫and throughput up to 1,000 megabytes
‫per second independently, okay?
‫So they're not linked.
‫For gp2, this is the older version.
‫They're small gp2 volumes that can burst up to 3,000 IOPS.
‫And then the size of the volume and the IOPS are linked.
‫That means that if you increase the IOPS,
‫if you increase the number of gigabytes on your volume,
‫then you're gonna get three more IOPS up to 16,000 IOPS.
‫And so that means that if you have 5,334 gigabytes,
‫then you will have 16,000 IOPS and you maxed it out.
‫So what do you remember from this slide?
‫You remember that in gp2/gp3,
‫this is for cost-effective storage resiliency.
‫And then gp3, you can independently set the IOPS
‫and the throughputs, whereas for gp2,
‫they're linked together.
‫Now, the other types of volume that will come up
‫in the exam is provisioned IOPS.
‫And this is going to be a very good use case
‫when you have a critical business application
‫that needs sustained IOPS performance
‫or applications that need more than 16,000 IOPS.
‫So in general, you will have a use case
‫where you have a database workload, for example,
‫something that really uses the storage,
‫and it is very sensitive
‫to storage performance and consistency.
‫In that case, switching from a gp2 or gp3 volume
‫to io1 or io2 volume is going to be the answer.
‫So if we consider io1, io2,
‫io2 is the newer generation.
‫They can be between four and 16 terabytes.
‫The max IOPS you're going to get is 60,000 IOPS
‫for Nitro EC2 instances.
‫So remember, Nitro instances gives you...
‫Nitro gives you access to a higher level of IOPS.
‫And if you don't have a Nitro EC2 instance,
‫then you're going to get 32,000 IOPS maximum.
‫And with io1 and io2,
‫you can increase the provisioned IOPS independently
‫from the storage size, just like gp3.
‫And why do we use io2?
‫Well, it has more durability and more IOPS
‫per gigabytes at the same price of io1.
‫So today it makes just sense to use io2.
‫And there is a preview of io2 Block Express,
‫which is between four gigabytes and 64 terabytes.
‫And this is an even higher performance type of volumes.
‫This gives you sub-millisecond latency,
‫and you're going to get 256,000 IOPS maximum
‫with a ratio of IOPS per gigabyte of 1,000 per one.
‫And finally, we'll see this in the next lecture,
‫the EBS volume types of provisioned IOPS
‫supports EBS multi-attach.
‫So now let's quickly touch upon st1 and sc1.
‫So they cannot be a boot volumes.
‫This can only be for the previous types of volumes.
‫You can get a size up to 16 terabytes.
‫And we get two kinds of volumes here.
‫We have the Throughput Optimized HDD, so st1,
‫which is great for big data, data warehousing
‫and log processing, which gives you a max throughput
‫of 500 megabytes per second and a max IOPS of 500.
‫And then for cold HDD, so sc1, this is for archived data,
‫so data that is infrequently accessed
‫and this is when you would use it when you need
‫to have the lowest possible cost.
‫Here the max throughput is 250 megabytes per second
‫and the max IOPS is 250 as well.
‫Now, you don't have to remember all these details going
‫into the exam, you just need to understand the differences
‫at a high level of all these volumes.
‫So the general purpose SSD versus the provisioned IOPS SSD,
‫in case you need a database versus some st1, or sc1
‫in case you need to have high throughput and lowest cost.
‫And so you can find a summary
‫of all I said in this link right here, okay?
‫And which is a screenshot I just took you.
‫So don't need to remember the details again.
‫But remember that if you want to get also over 32,000 IOPS,
‫you need EC2 Nitro with io1 or io2,
‫and that will be it for this lecture.
‫So I hope you liked it
‫and I will see you in the next lecture.